Ibn Majah

Commentary:
Benefits and Issues:

➊
Our esteemed researcher has declared the mentioned narration weak in its chain of transmission, stating that the origin of this hadith is authentic. He has also declared the narration reported in Sunan Abu Dawud from ‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb, from his father, from his grandfather as hasan (good). See: (Sunan Abu Dawud (Urdu), Darussalam edition, Hadith: 3600, 3601).
From this, it is evident that this narration, according to our esteemed researcher, is actionable and authoritative. Furthermore, other researchers have also declared it hasan. Therefore, despite the mentioned narration being weak in its chain, due to other supporting evidences, it is actionable and authoritative.
For further details, see:
(al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 11, 299, 300, and Irwa’ al-Ghalil by al-Albani, no. 2669, and Sunan Ibn Majah with the verification of Dr. Bashar ‘Awwad, Hadith: 2366)

➋
A person who betrays a trust is not reliable; therefore, his testimony is not accepted in court.

➌
“Hadd” refers to the punishments for certain specific crimes that are prescribed by Allah. The court does not have the right to increase or decrease them.
Other punishments besides these are called “ta‘zir,” in which changes can be made according to circumstances.

➍
If it is established that the witness had prior enmity with the one against whom he is testifying, this makes the testimony doubtful. It is possible that, due to old hostility, he wants to take revenge by testifying against him.

➎
By “brother” is meant a religious brother, i.e., a Muslim.
This also includes a real (biological) brother, because if he is a Muslim, he is also a religious brother.

Benefits and Issues:
Explanation: The testimony of a treacherous man or woman is absolutely rejected.
This applies equally to financial treachery and verbal treachery (lying).
However, the testimony of a spiteful or malicious person is rejected only in the case where the matter concerns those with whom he has enmity.
If he is truthful, then his testimony will be accepted among other people.
Similarly, the testimony of subordinates such as servants and slaves is not accepted in favor of their guardian (wali).
If they are truthful, then their testimony is accepted in favor of others.

Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، القضاء، باب من ترد شهادة، حديث:3600 وأحمد:2 /181، 203.»©Explanation:
From this hadith, it is understood that the testimony of a treacherous person, an enemy, and one who harbors malice is not permissible.
Similarly, the testimony of a person who is under the guardianship of someone is also not accepted in favor of that person or his family members, so that there remains no suspicion of partiality.