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Hadith 2120

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ، أَنْبَأَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّمَا الْيَمِينُ عَلَى نِيَّةِ الْمُسْتَحْلِفِ " .
´It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:` "The oath is only according to the intention of the one who requests the oath to be taken."'
Hadith Reference سنن ابن ماجه / كتاب الكفارات / 2120
Hadith Grading الألبانی: صحيح  |  زبیر علی زئی: صحيح مسلم
Hadith Takhrij « صحیح مسلم/الأیمان 4 ( 1653 ) ، سنن ابی داود/الأیمان 7 ( 3255 ) ، سنن الترمذی/الأحکام 1 ( 1354 ) ، ( تحفة الأشراف : 12826 ) ، وقد أخرجہ : سنن الدارمی/النذور 11 ( 2394 ) ( صحیح ) »
Brief Explanation
1؎: If the one swearing an oath intends something else by it, i.e., he uses equivocation (tawriyah), then his equivocation will not benefit him; rather, the burden of a false oath will be upon him. The context of this hadith is when a person swears an oath in order to usurp another’s right, and the context of the following hadith is when it is intended to save the life or honor of a Muslim from the oppression of a tyrant. There will be no contradiction between the two types of oaths. The statement of Imam Ahmad rahimahullah is in accordance with this hadith.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) instructed to recite the supplication for opening the gate of mercy when entering the mosque, because the word "mercy" (rahmah) is generally used in the Qur'an and Hadith for rewards and favors of the Hereafter and for religious and spiritual blessings. The mosque is a place for attaining religious, spiritual, and otherworldly blessings. And when leaving the mosque, he taught to ask Allah Almighty for His bounty and grace, that is, for sustenance, and for blessings in wealth and property, because the word "bounty" (fadl) is used for the granting and abundance of sustenance, wealth, and property. After performing the Friday prayer, Allah Almighty commands:
﴿وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ﴾ “Spread out in the land and seek the bounty of Allah.”
So, it is as if for the world outside the mosque, it is appropriate that a person should engage in the pursuit of sustenance. The main purpose is that whether a person is in the mosque or outside the mosque, wherever and whenever, the servant should not be heedless of Allah Almighty. In every place, his supplicating attention should be towards Allah Almighty.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 1653
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
Swearing oaths by way of hints, allusions, or equivocations (tawriyah) in order to resolve disputes among Muslims is in no way beneficial or permissible.
Rather, it is unlawful.
However, if there is a confrontation with disbelievers (kuffar) or oppressors (zalimun), then concession is granted.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 3255
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefit:
This means that if someone swears an oath and makes an ambiguous statement, intending a meaning that is true, but the listener does not understand that meaning and instead understands a meaning which, according to him, is incorrect, then this will be considered a false oath.
The meaning of the oath that is considered valid is the one understood by the person administering the oath.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2121