سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الزكاةThe Chapters Regarding Zakat
بَابُ : خَرْصِ النَّخْلِ وَالْعِنَبِChapter: Assessment of date palms and grapevines
Hadith 1820
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الرَّقِّيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " حِينَ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّ لَهُ الْأَرْضَ ، وَكُلَّ صَفْرَاءَ ، وَبَيْضَاءَ يَعْنِي الذَّهَبَ ، وَالْفِضَّةَ " ، وَقَالَ لَهُ أَهْلُ خَيْبَرَ : نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِالْأَرْضِ ، فَأَعْطِنَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ نَعْمَلَهَا وَيَكُونَ لَنَا نِصْفُ الثَّمَرَةِ ، وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُهَا ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ حِينَ يُصْرَمُ النَّخْلُ ، بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فَحَزَرَ النَّخْلَ ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَدْعُونَهُ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ الْخَرْصَ ، فَقَالَ : فِي ذَا كَذَا ، وَكَذَا ، فَقَالُوا : أَكْثَرْتَ عَلَيْنَا يَا ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ ، فَقَالَ : فَأَنَا أَحْزِرُ النَّخْلَ ، وَأُعْطِيكُمْ نِصْفَ الَّذِي قُلْتُ ، قَالَ : فَقَالُوا : هَذَا الْحَقُّ وَبِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ ، فَقَالُوا : قَدْ رَضِينَا أَنْ نَأْخُذَ بِالَّذِي قُلْتَ .
´Ibn Abbas narrated that:` when the Prophet conquered Khaibar, he stipulated that the land, and all the yellow and white, meaning gold and silver belonged to him. The people of Khaibar said to him: “We know the land better, so give it to us so that we may work the land, and you will have half of its produce and we will have half.” He maintained that, he gave it to them on that basis. When the time for the date harvest came, he sent Ibn Rawahah to them. He assesses the date palms, and he said: “For this tree, such and such (amount).” They said: “You are demanding too much of us, O Ibn Rawahah!” He said: “This is my assessment and I will give you half of what I say.” They said: “This is fair, and fairness is what haven and earth are based on.” They said: “We Agree to take (accept) what you say.”
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The land that is seized from disbelievers through battle becomes the property of the Islamic state; this is called kharaji land.
Its produce is used for the benefit of the country and the nation at the discretion of the Khalifah of the Muslims.
➋
Muzara‘ah (sharecropping), meaning that the owner of the land, instead of cultivating it himself, asks someone else to cultivate it, and the produce is divided equally or according to a mutually agreed upon ratio, is permissible.
➌
Such an agreement can also be made regarding orchards of dates, grapes, and the like.
➍
Trade relations can be established with dhimmis and non-Muslims, provided that no transaction is contrary to Islamic laws.
➎
For fruits that are consumed fresh before drying, their quantity can be determined by estimation so that the agreed amount can be collected once they are dried.
➏
The Jews accused of a false estimation because they hoped to bribe someone to reduce the estimate, but Abdullah bin Rawahah radi Allahu anhu refused to abandon honesty.
➐
Abdullah bin Rawahah radi Allahu anhu, after making an estimation according to the law, gave the Jews the option that at the time of harvesting, they could pay half of the estimated produce—that is, the Muslims’ share—and continue to use the rest at their convenience, both now and later.
Upon their objection, he said: “Fine, we will pay you this amount and harvest the fruit ourselves, so that if, as you claim, there is any loss, it will be upon us.” For example:
If the produce of someone’s trees is estimated at one hundred man, then according to the principle, the Jews should give fifty man of dates to the Muslims. But if they believe the produce is not one hundred but eighty (80) man, then we will harvest all the fruit ourselves and give them fifty man from it.
If their objection is true, then by accepting this offer, they would benefit by ten man. But since Abdullah bin Rawahah’s estimation was correct, the Jews did not accept this offer, and their share was collected according to the correct estimation.
➑
Acting with justice brings collective benefit, due to which the one who adheres to justice remains successful in this world and the Hereafter, whereas in the case of injustice, even the perpetrator cannot remain safe from its evil effects.
➒
Other issues related to agriculture will be mentioned in Kitab al-Tijarat (Book of Trade) and Kitab al-Ruhun (Book of Pledges), insha’Allah.
➊
The land that is seized from disbelievers through battle becomes the property of the Islamic state; this is called kharaji land.
Its produce is used for the benefit of the country and the nation at the discretion of the Khalifah of the Muslims.
➋
Muzara‘ah (sharecropping), meaning that the owner of the land, instead of cultivating it himself, asks someone else to cultivate it, and the produce is divided equally or according to a mutually agreed upon ratio, is permissible.
➌
Such an agreement can also be made regarding orchards of dates, grapes, and the like.
➍
Trade relations can be established with dhimmis and non-Muslims, provided that no transaction is contrary to Islamic laws.
➎
For fruits that are consumed fresh before drying, their quantity can be determined by estimation so that the agreed amount can be collected once they are dried.
➏
The Jews accused of a false estimation because they hoped to bribe someone to reduce the estimate, but Abdullah bin Rawahah radi Allahu anhu refused to abandon honesty.
➐
Abdullah bin Rawahah radi Allahu anhu, after making an estimation according to the law, gave the Jews the option that at the time of harvesting, they could pay half of the estimated produce—that is, the Muslims’ share—and continue to use the rest at their convenience, both now and later.
Upon their objection, he said: “Fine, we will pay you this amount and harvest the fruit ourselves, so that if, as you claim, there is any loss, it will be upon us.” For example:
If the produce of someone’s trees is estimated at one hundred man, then according to the principle, the Jews should give fifty man of dates to the Muslims. But if they believe the produce is not one hundred but eighty (80) man, then we will harvest all the fruit ourselves and give them fifty man from it.
If their objection is true, then by accepting this offer, they would benefit by ten man. But since Abdullah bin Rawahah’s estimation was correct, the Jews did not accept this offer, and their share was collected according to the correct estimation.
➑
Acting with justice brings collective benefit, due to which the one who adheres to justice remains successful in this world and the Hereafter, whereas in the case of injustice, even the perpetrator cannot remain safe from its evil effects.
➒
Other issues related to agriculture will be mentioned in Kitab al-Tijarat (Book of Trade) and Kitab al-Ruhun (Book of Pledges), insha’Allah.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1820
