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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الزكاةThe Chapters Regarding Zakat
بَابُ : صَدَقَةِ الزُّرُوعِ وَالثِّمَارِChapter: Sadaqah due on crops and fruits
Hadith 1816
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاق بْنُ مُوسَى أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، وَعَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ ، وَالْعُيُونُ الْعُشْرُ ، وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ " .
´Abu Hurairah narrated that:` the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “For crops that are irrigated by the sky (i.e. rain) and springs, one-tenth. For those that are irrigated by watering, one half of one-tenth.”
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: In the above hadith, it is mentioned that zakat is due on five things: wheat, barley, dates, grapes, and corn. An additional facilitation in this is that the ‘ushr (one-tenth) and nisf ‘ushr (one-twentieth) will also be taken only from these five things that have been mentioned above. For all other grains, fruits, flowers, vegetables, and greens, etc., zakat is exempt. Another condition is that even these five things must not be less than five wasq, that is, 750 kilograms, and according to Shaykh Abdullah al-Bassam, 900 kilograms; otherwise, zakat is also exempt on them. However, Imam Abu Hanifah takes evidence from this hadith that one-tenth and one-twentieth is due on all produce, because the word «ماسقت السماء» is general. Allamah Ibn al-Qayyim states: It is necessary to reconcile the hadiths, and when you look carefully, there is no contradiction. The intent of this hadith is that in crops irrigated by rain, one-tenth is due, and in crops irrigated by well or canal, one-twentieth is due (because in this, a person has to spend money and exert effort). However, in this, the specification of zakat assets and the amount of nisab is not mentioned. This specification is found in other hadiths, that zakat is only on five things and not due on less than five wasq. So, the general will be interpreted in light of this specific.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The amount of zakat on produce obtained from rain-fed land is one-tenth.
If twenty man (a traditional unit of weight) of grain is obtained, then two man of zakat should be given.
If it is more than twenty man, zakat will be given at the same rate.
The same ruling applies to produce from land irrigated by natural springs, streams, etc.
Crops grown near rivers also do not require irrigation; their roots draw the necessary water from the ground.
On this as well, one-tenth zakat is due.
For crops irrigated by wells and tube wells, the amount of zakat is one-twentieth.
In our region, the price of canal water is also paid, which is called "abiana," so for produce from canal-irrigated land, the zakat is also one-twentieth, i.e., one man of zakat on twenty man.
The amount of twenty man is approximately seven hundred and fifty kilograms.
The zakat (ushr) on agricultural produce is to be paid at the time of harvest.
If there are two harvests in a year, then ushr must be paid twice, because the passing of a year is not a condition for this zakat; rather, the existence of the crop is the condition, whenever and whatever it may be.
➊ The amount of zakat on produce obtained from rain-fed land is one-tenth.
If twenty man (a traditional unit of weight) of grain is obtained, then two man of zakat should be given.
If it is more than twenty man, zakat will be given at the same rate.
The same ruling applies to produce from land irrigated by natural springs, streams, etc.
Crops grown near rivers also do not require irrigation; their roots draw the necessary water from the ground.
On this as well, one-tenth zakat is due.
For crops irrigated by wells and tube wells, the amount of zakat is one-twentieth.
In our region, the price of canal water is also paid, which is called "abiana," so for produce from canal-irrigated land, the zakat is also one-twentieth, i.e., one man of zakat on twenty man.
The amount of twenty man is approximately seven hundred and fifty kilograms.
The zakat (ushr) on agricultural produce is to be paid at the time of harvest.
If there are two harvests in a year, then ushr must be paid twice, because the passing of a year is not a condition for this zakat; rather, the existence of the crop is the condition, whenever and whatever it may be.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1816
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Commentary:
1:
In this matter, by unanimous agreement, “hawalan al-hawl” (the completion of a year) is not a condition. However, whether the nisab (minimum threshold) is a condition or not: the majority of scholars consider the nisab to be a condition for ‘ushr (one-tenth) or nisf ‘ushr (half of one-tenth). Until five wasq (a specific measure) are reached, ‘ushr or nisf ‘ushr will not be obligatory. According to Imam Abu Hanifah, however, the nisab is not a condition. He says:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَنفِقُواْ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُم مِّنَ الأَرْضِ وَلاَ تَيَمَّمُواْ الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُم بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاَّ أَن تُغْمِضُواْ فِيهِ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ﴾ [البقرة: 267] (O you who believe! Spend from the good things which you have earned and from what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at the bad thereof to spend [in charity], which you yourselves would not take except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of all wants, Worthy of all praise.)
In ﴿مِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا﴾ (“from what We have brought forth”), the word “ma” is a word of generality. Similarly, in ((فِيمَا سَقَتْ السَّمَاءُ وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ)), the word “ma” is also a word of generality.
2:
And what is coming ahead.
1:
In this matter, by unanimous agreement, “hawalan al-hawl” (the completion of a year) is not a condition. However, whether the nisab (minimum threshold) is a condition or not: the majority of scholars consider the nisab to be a condition for ‘ushr (one-tenth) or nisf ‘ushr (half of one-tenth). Until five wasq (a specific measure) are reached, ‘ushr or nisf ‘ushr will not be obligatory. According to Imam Abu Hanifah, however, the nisab is not a condition. He says:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَنفِقُواْ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُم مِّنَ الأَرْضِ وَلاَ تَيَمَّمُواْ الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُم بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاَّ أَن تُغْمِضُواْ فِيهِ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ﴾ [البقرة: 267] (O you who believe! Spend from the good things which you have earned and from what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at the bad thereof to spend [in charity], which you yourselves would not take except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of all wants, Worthy of all praise.)
In ﴿مِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا﴾ (“from what We have brought forth”), the word “ma” is a word of generality. Similarly, in ((فِيمَا سَقَتْ السَّمَاءُ وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ)), the word “ma” is also a word of generality.
2:
And what is coming ahead.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 639
