Ibn Majah

Benefits and Issues:
➊ The amount of zakat on produce obtained from rain-fed land is one-tenth.
If twenty man (a traditional unit of weight) of grain is obtained, then two man of zakat should be given.
If it is more than twenty man, zakat will be given at the same rate.
The same ruling applies to produce from land irrigated by natural springs, streams, etc.
Crops grown near rivers also do not require irrigation; their roots draw the necessary water from the ground.
On this as well, one-tenth zakat is due.
For crops irrigated by wells and tube wells, the amount of zakat is one-twentieth.
In our region, the price of canal water is also paid, which is called "abiana," so for produce from canal-irrigated land, the zakat is also one-twentieth, i.e., one man of zakat on twenty man.
The amount of twenty man is approximately seven hundred and fifty kilograms.
The zakat (ushr) on agricultural produce is to be paid at the time of harvest.
If there are two harvests in a year, then ushr must be paid twice, because the passing of a year is not a condition for this zakat; rather, the existence of the crop is the condition, whenever and whatever it may be.

Commentary:
1:
In this matter, by unanimous agreement, “hawalan al-hawl” (the completion of a year) is not a condition. However, whether the nisab (minimum threshold) is a condition or not: the majority of scholars consider the nisab to be a condition for ‘ushr (one-tenth) or nisf ‘ushr (half of one-tenth). Until five wasq (a specific measure) are reached, ‘ushr or nisf ‘ushr will not be obligatory. According to Imam Abu Hanifah, however, the nisab is not a condition. He says:

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَنفِقُواْ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُم مِّنَ الأَرْضِ وَلاَ تَيَمَّمُواْ الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُم بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاَّ أَن تُغْمِضُواْ فِيهِ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ﴾ [البقرة: 267] (O you who believe! Spend from the good things which you have earned and from what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at the bad thereof to spend [in charity], which you yourselves would not take except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of all wants, Worthy of all praise.)

In ﴿مِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا﴾ (“from what We have brought forth”), the word “ma” is a word of generality. Similarly, in ((فِيمَا سَقَتْ السَّمَاءُ وَفِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ)), the word “ma” is also a word of generality.

2:
And what is coming ahead.