سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الزكاةThe Chapters Regarding Zakat
بَابُ : إِذَا أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ سِنًّا دُونَ سِنٍّ أَوْ فَوْقَ سِنٍّChapter: When the Zakat collector receives an animal that is one year younger or one year older than required
Hadith 1800
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ ، قَالُوا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ، كَتَبَ لَهُ : " بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ أَسْنَانِ الْإِبِلِ فِي فَرَائِضِ الْغَنَمِ ، مَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةُ الْجَذَعَةِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ ، وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الْحِقَّةُ ، وَيَجْعَلُ مَكَانَهَا شَاتَيْنِ إِنِ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا ، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ صَدَقَةُ الْحِقَّةِ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ ، وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ ، أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، وَمَنَ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الْحِقَّةُ وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ ، وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ ، وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ " .
´Anas bin Malik narrated that:` Abu Bakr Siddiq wrote to him: “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is the obligation of Sadaqah which the Messenger of Allah enjoined upon the Muslims, as Allah commanded the Messenger of Allah. The ages of camels to be given (in Zakat) may be made up in sheep. So if a man has camels on which the Sadaqah is a Jadha'ah (a four-year-old she-camel) and he does not have a Jadha'ah but he has a Hiqqah (a three year old she-camel), then the Hiqqah should be accepted from him, and two sheep should be given (in addition), if they are readily available, or twenty Dirham. If a man has camels on which the Sadaqah is a Hiqqah, and he only has a Bin Labun( a two-year-old she-camel), then the Bint Labun should be accepted from him, along with two sheep or twenty Dirhams.If a man has camels on which the sadaqah is a Bint Labun, and he does not have one, but he has a Hiqqah, then it should be accepted from him, and the Zakat collector should give him back twenty Dirham or two sheep. If a man has camels on which Sadaqah is a Bint Labun, and he does not have one, but he has a Bint Makhad(a one-year-old she-camel), then the Bint Makhad should be accepted from him, along with twenty Dirham or two sheep. If a man has camels on which the Sadaqah is a Bint Makhad, and he does not have one, but he has a Bint Labun, then the Bint Labun should be accepted from him, and the Zakat collector should give him back twenty Dirhams or two sheep. Whoever does not have a Bint Makhad, but he has a Bint Labun (a two-year-old male camel), then it should be accepted from him and nothing else should be given along with it.' ”
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
In the zakat of camels, the ages of the she-camels that are to be taken are as follows:
(a)
Bint Makhad, i.e., a one-year-old she-camel.
(b)
Bint Labun, i.e., a two-year-old she-camel.
(c)
Hiqqah, i.e., a three-year-old she-camel.
(d)
Jadh’ah, i.e., a four-year-old she-camel.
➋
In zakat, only she-camels, i.e., females, are accepted.
Only Ibn Labun (two-year-old male)
can be taken as a substitute for Bint Makhad (one-year-old female).
➌
If the required age female is not present in the herd, then a female of a higher or lower age can also be taken.
A difference of one year in age is compensated by two goats; therefore, if a she-camel younger than the required age is taken in zakat, then two goats or their value will also be taken in addition, so that the difference between the required zakat and what is received is compensated.
Similarly, if a she-camel older than the required age is taken, then this difference will be returned in the form of two goats or their value, so that more than the obligatory amount of zakat is not taken.
➍
Since Ibn Labun is considered equivalent to Bint Makhad, therefore, if a two-year-old male camel is given in place of a one-year-old female, the calculation will be balanced.
Neither will anything further be demanded from the zakat giver, nor will the zakat collector be responsible for returning anything.
➎
The price of two goats has been set at twenty dirhams; this was their average price according to that era.
In the present era, according to the circumstances, the price of goats in the market should be taken accordingly.
➏
In the herds of camels, cows, and goats, the total number of the herd is counted, including young, old, male, and female animals, but at the time of paying zakat, only animals of the specified age will be given.
➊
In the zakat of camels, the ages of the she-camels that are to be taken are as follows:
(a)
Bint Makhad, i.e., a one-year-old she-camel.
(b)
Bint Labun, i.e., a two-year-old she-camel.
(c)
Hiqqah, i.e., a three-year-old she-camel.
(d)
Jadh’ah, i.e., a four-year-old she-camel.
➋
In zakat, only she-camels, i.e., females, are accepted.
Only Ibn Labun (two-year-old male)
can be taken as a substitute for Bint Makhad (one-year-old female).
➌
If the required age female is not present in the herd, then a female of a higher or lower age can also be taken.
A difference of one year in age is compensated by two goats; therefore, if a she-camel younger than the required age is taken in zakat, then two goats or their value will also be taken in addition, so that the difference between the required zakat and what is received is compensated.
Similarly, if a she-camel older than the required age is taken, then this difference will be returned in the form of two goats or their value, so that more than the obligatory amount of zakat is not taken.
➍
Since Ibn Labun is considered equivalent to Bint Makhad, therefore, if a two-year-old male camel is given in place of a one-year-old female, the calculation will be balanced.
Neither will anything further be demanded from the zakat giver, nor will the zakat collector be responsible for returning anything.
➎
The price of two goats has been set at twenty dirhams; this was their average price according to that era.
In the present era, according to the circumstances, the price of goats in the market should be taken accordingly.
➏
In the herds of camels, cows, and goats, the total number of the herd is counted, including young, old, male, and female animals, but at the time of paying zakat, only animals of the specified age will be given.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1800
