Ibn Majah

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: ➊
In the narration of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri radi Allahu anhu and Jabir radi Allahu anhuma, the threshold (nisab) for grain and fruits is stated as five wasq; that is, if the grain or fruit is less than five wasq, then charity (zakat) is not obligatory upon it.
If someone wishes to give charity voluntarily (nafl), there is no restriction on this.
However, in the narrations of these two noble Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in, it is not mentioned how much charity (zakat) should be given, i.e., the amount to be taken out.
In the following chapter, the narration of Jabir radi Allahu anhu that is coming does mention the amount to be taken out.
And in that narration, the threshold (nisab) is not mentioned.

➋
The majority of the Ummah, among whom are Imam Malik rahimahullah, Imam Shafi'i rahimahullah, Imam Ahmad rahimahullah, Imam Abu Yusuf rahimahullah, and Imam Muhammad rahimahullah, are agreed that zakat is not obligatory on grain and fruits less than five wasq.
But according to Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, there is no threshold (nisab) set for this.
Whatever amount of grain, fruit, or vegetables is produced from the land, whether little or much, in every case one-tenth or one-twentieth must be taken out.
Whether the produce is ten seer, ten man, or less or more than this, but this opinion is contrary to the explicit hadith.

➌
Awsuq is the plural of wasq, and by consensus, one wasq is sixty sa'.
Thus, five wasq is three hundred sa', and in one sa' there are four mudd.
That is, if a person joins and spreads both his hands, the amount of grain or fruit that comes in them is equal to one mudd, but there is a difference of opinion as to how many ratl of grain or fruit are in one mudd.
It is clear that sa', ratl, and mudd are measures (of volume), not of weight, and whatever is put into these measuring vessels or instruments, due to being heavier or lighter, there will certainly be a difference in their weight.
According to the Hanafis, since there are two ratl in one mudd, there will be eight ratl in one sa'.
According to the rest of the Imams and the Ummah, one mudd is 1 1/3 ratl, and in four mudd there are 5 1/3 ratl.
Therefore, there will be a difference in the amount of five wasq, and this difference will affect the sadaqat al-fitr and the nisab of zakat as well.
But according to Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, there is no threshold (nisab) for zakat at all.
In any case, there is a difference regarding the weight of the sa'.
According to the research of Allamah Yusuf al-Qaradawi, its weight is 2176 grams.
Whereas generally, the Ahl al-Hadith have considered its weight to be 2 seer, 10 chhatank, 3 tola, and 4 masha.
Because the weight of one ratl is approximately eight chhatank.
But nowadays, some Ahl al-Hadith scholars have made the weight two and a quarter seer.
Accordingly, the weight of five wasq will be 16 man and 35 kilo, because the weight of one wasq will be 135 seer.
Whereas according to most scholars, the weight of five wasq is twenty man of grain.
And according to the research of Allamah Qaradawi, it will be 653 kilograms, i.e., sixteen man and thirteen kilograms.
And this weight is with respect to wheat.
And according to the Hanafis, it will be thirty or thirty-two man.

➍
Zakat is obligatory by consensus on five uqiyyah of silver.
And in one uqiyyah there are forty dirhams, thus in five uqiyyah there are two hundred dirhams.
Zakat is obligatory on these by consensus.
And it is also agreed that the weight of ten dirhams is equal to seven mithqal.
And one mithqal is equal to 4 1/2 masha.
Thus, the weight of silver by consensus is 52 1/2 tola.
According to the latest research of Allamah Qaradawi, the weight of a mithqal is 4.25 grams.
Thus, in two hundred dirhams there will be one hundred and forty mithqal, and their weight will be 595 grams.
(Note: 35 grams is equal to three tola in weight.)
The weight of gold has until now been considered as 7 1/2 tola, which is 87 1/2 grams.
Because the weight of gold is twenty mithqal, and according to the research of Allamah Yusuf al-Qaradawi, its weight will be 85 grams, because according to him, the weight of a mithqal is 4.25 grams.
Whereas previously, its weight was stated as 4 1/2 masha.

Lexical Explanation:
«اَوَاقٍ» has tanween on it. After the letter qaf, both the form with a shadda on ya and the lighter form are permissible; it is the plural of "uqiyah." On the hamzah of "uqiyah" there is a dammah, and the ya has a shadda. One uqiyah contains forty dirhams, and thus five uqiyahs are two hundred dirhams. According to modern weight measurements, two hundred dirhams weigh 615 grams.

«اَلْوَرِقِ» has a fathah on the waw and a kasrah under the ra, and the ra is also read as sakin. Its meaning is "silver."

«ذَوْدِ» has a fathah on the dhal and a sukun on the waw; it means "camel." This is a collective noun, and it includes both masculine and feminine, as well as few and many. For this reason, attributing the khums (one-fifth) to it is permissible.

«اَوْسُقِ» has a fathah on the hamzah, a sukun on the waw, and a dammah on the sin. It is the plural of «وسق». For «وسق», both fathah and kasrah on the waw are permissible. One wasq (wasq) is sixty sa’ (sa’), and five wasq are three hundred sa’. And you know that one sa’ contains four mudd, and one mudd is equal to one and one-third ratl. Also, according to modern measurements, one sa’ is approximately two and a half kilograms.

« اَوْسَاقٍ» is the plural of «وسق», like «اوسق».

«حَبَّ» has a fathah on the ha and a shadda on the ba. It means seed, kernel, wheat seed, barley, lentils, etc.

The word «دُونَ» in all four places is in the meaning of «اَقَلُّ», i.e., zakat is not obligatory on less than the mentioned amounts of these items.

Benefit:
In this hadith, the nisab (minimum threshold) for silver is stated as five uqiyah, while in the previous hadith it is two hundred dirhams. There is no contradiction or difference between these two hadiths, because one uqiyah contains forty dirhams, and five uqiyahs make two hundred dirhams, so there is no contradiction.

Three hundred sa’ of Hijazi measure, according to the English weights prevalent in our country, is approximately twenty man (a local weight unit). One wasq contains sixty sa’, which is equal to four man. Thus, according to our local calculation, there is no zakat on less than twenty man of grain. However, the Hanafis, considering the generality of the Book of Allah and the hadith, have given the fatwa that zakat is obligatory on grain and dates, even if it is one man or less. But the first opinion is more correct, because when the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself specified the weight, then we should act upon that. There is no permission to add or subtract from it on our own. Zakat is obligatory on every type of produce that can be stored for a year, such as: wheat, rice, barley, millet, corn, mash beans, mung beans, and chickpeas, etc.