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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الصيامThe Book of Fasting
بَابُ : مَا جَاءَ فِي فَرْضِ الصَّوْمِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَالْخِيَارِ فِي الصَّوْمِChapter: What was narrated concerning making fasting incumbent upon oneself from the night before, and having the choice (of breaking a voluntary fast) during the day
Hadith 1700
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ الْقَطَوَانِيُّ ، عَنْ إِسْحَاق بْنِ حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صِيَامَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَفْرِضْهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ " .
´It was narrated from Hafsah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:` "There is no fast for the one who did not make it incumbent upon himself from the night before."
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: This ruling regarding making the intention (niyyah) at night for the fasting person applies to obligatory fasts, as well as fasts of making up missed days (qada) and expiatory fasts (kaffarah). For voluntary (nafl) fasts, it is not necessary to make the intention at night, as is understood from the hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha radi Allahu anha, which is mentioned further below.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The mentioned narration has been declared weak in its chain by our esteemed researcher, and he has further written that regarding this issue, there is also a narration from Hafsah radi Allahu anha in Sunan an-Nasa’i, which is authentically established in a mawquf (stopped at the Companion) form. See: (Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 30, 25/4, no. 914).
Therefore, the meaning of intending from the night does not mean from the evening, but rather it means that the intention should be made before true dawn (subh sadiq); whenever during the night the intention is formed that one will fast in the morning, it is valid.
➋ This ruling is for obligatory and mandatory (fard and wajib) fasts. The intention for voluntary (nafl) fasts can be made during the day as well. Similarly, if a voluntary fast is being observed, it can be broken at any time during the day without any sin, as will be mentioned in the next hadith.
➌ Some have said that what is meant here is the fast of making up (qada’), vow (nadhar), and expiation (kaffarah), etc.
➊ The mentioned narration has been declared weak in its chain by our esteemed researcher, and he has further written that regarding this issue, there is also a narration from Hafsah radi Allahu anha in Sunan an-Nasa’i, which is authentically established in a mawquf (stopped at the Companion) form. See: (Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 30, 25/4, no. 914).
Therefore, the meaning of intending from the night does not mean from the evening, but rather it means that the intention should be made before true dawn (subh sadiq); whenever during the night the intention is formed that one will fast in the morning, it is valid.
➋ This ruling is for obligatory and mandatory (fard and wajib) fasts. The intention for voluntary (nafl) fasts can be made during the day as well. Similarly, if a voluntary fast is being observed, it can be broken at any time during the day without any sin, as will be mentioned in the next hadith.
➌ Some have said that what is meant here is the fast of making up (qada’), vow (nadhar), and expiation (kaffarah), etc.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1700
