Ibn Majah

Benefits and Issues:
➊
The mentioned narration has been declared weak in chain (sanadan da'if) by our esteemed researcher. However, other scholars have considered it authentic (sahih). In addition, our esteemed researcher has written in the verification of Sunan Abu Dawood that this issue is narrated from Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu in Ibn Abi Shaybah (38/3, Hadith: 9188) with an authentic chain. Therefore, this narration is weak in chain, but correct in meaning. See: Sunan Abu Dawood, Hadith: 2380, for detailed verification and referencing see: (al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 284/16, and al-Irwa’, no. 923)

➋
There appears to be a contradiction between the two narrations of this chapter. However, if the first hadith is understood to refer to voluntary (nafl) fasts, then the contradiction is resolved.

➌
One should avoid vomiting during fasting. If, for some reason, vomiting becomes necessary, then the fast is broken, whether the fast is obligatory (fard) or voluntary (nafl); however, making up (qada) the obligatory fast is necessary.

Commentary:
1:
Because in this, there is no fault on the part of the fasting person.

2:
The opinion of most people is that in this case there is no expiation (kaffarah), only making up the missed fast (qada) is required.

Benefits and Issues:
This narration has a sound meaning, which is why some scholars have declared it authentic.

Is making up (qada) the fast required if one vomits?

If a person vomits (i.e., throws up) involuntarily while fasting, then making up the fast (qada) is not required for him. However, if someone deliberately induces vomiting while fasting, then making up the fast is required for him.

It is mentioned in a hadith that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: «مَنْ ذَرَعَهُ الْقَيْءُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ‘ وَمَنِ اسْتَقَاءَ عَمْدًا فَلْيَقْضِ» Whoever vomits involuntarily while fasting, there is no making up (qada) upon him, but whoever deliberately vomits, then making up (qada) is required for him. [سنن ابي داود: 2380، سنن ابن ماجه: 1676]

Imam al-Bukhari declared this narration “weak,” but al-Tirmidhi (720), Ibn Khuzaymah (1960, 1961), Ibn Hibban (al-Mawarid: 907), al-Hakim (1/426, 427), and al-Dhahabi declared it “authentic.”

According to our research, this narration is weak, and the reason for its weakness is only that Hisham ibn Hassan is a “mudallis” (one who practices tadlis). See [الفتح المبين فى تحقيق طبقات المدلسين 110/ 3، ص 65]
And in no chain is there an explicit statement of hearing (sama‘).

However, there is no need to be concerned, because Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu said:

“Whoever deliberately vomits while fasting, making up (qada) is obligatory upon him, and whoever vomits involuntarily, there is no making up (qada) upon him.” [موطأ امام مالك ح 1 ص 304 ح 675 وسنده صحيح]

In another narration, it is mentioned that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu said: «من ذرعه القئ فلا قضاء عليه و من استقاء فعليه القضاء» [السنن الكبريٰ للبيهقي 4/ 219 وسنده حسن]

Its meaning is the same as what has passed above.

Hafiz Ibn al-Mundhir has also transmitted consensus (ijma‘) on this issue, except for a statement from Hasan al-Basri. [كتاب الاجماع ص 15، فقره: 125]

It should be noted that the statement of Hasan al-Basri in opposition to this consensus is not established from him with an authentic chain. Rather, what is established with an authentic chain is that Imam Hasan al-Basri said: When a fasting person vomits involuntarily, he should not break his fast, and if he deliberately vomits, then his fast is broken. [مصنف ابن ابي شيبه 3/38ح 9190 وسنده صحيح]

In summary, these three rulings are not established from weak narrations, but rather from consensus (ijma‘) and authentic reports from the Companions and those after them. And all praise is due to Allah.

For the original article, see:
The book “Tahqiqi aur Ilmi Maqalat” (Research and Scholarly Articles), Volume 2, page 279, by the hadith scholar of the era, Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai rahimahullah,
and the monthly magazine al-Hadith, issue 53, page 29, article “Weak Narrations and Their Ruling.”

Lexical Explanation 545:
ذَرعَہُ القَیئُ: Vomiting overcomes him, meaning vomiting that occurs forcefully, without intention or purpose.
أِستَقَاءَ: One who vomits intentionally and deliberately.

Benefits and Issues 545:
➊ Our esteemed researcher has declared the mentioned narration weak in its chain of transmission, whereas other scholars have considered it authentic. Furthermore, our esteemed researcher has written in the verification of Sunan Abi Dawud that this narration is reported from Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu in Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah (38/3, Hadith: 9188) with an authentic chain. Therefore, the mentioned narration is weak in its chain but authentic in meaning. See: (Sunan Abi Dawud (Urdu), Darussalam edition, Hadith: 2380, its verification and referencing). For further discussion on the chain and research, see: [الموسوعه الحديثية مسند الأمام أحمد : 284 ۔ 16 ، والأرواء ، رقم : 923]
➋ If a fasting person vomits unintentionally, there is no making up (qada) required for him, but if he vomits deliberately, then making up (qada) is required. Imam Shafi’i, Imam Sufyan Thawri, Imam Ahmad, and Imam Ishaq rahimahumullah are also of this opinion. See: [جامع الترمذي ، بعد حديث : 716]