Ibn Majah

Benefits and Issues:
(1)
It is permissible to perform prayer while wearing shoes,
and also permissible to perform it after removing the shoes.
See: (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith: 1038)

(2)
If you perform prayer after removing your shoes,
then place them on your left side.

777. Commentary: Since the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was the imam and there was no one on his left side, he placed his shoes to his left. If there is a person standing on the left side, then the shoes should not be placed on the left. This is explicitly stated in the hadith. This narration also shows that praying while wearing shoes is not obligatory, it is merely permissible. However, during your (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) era, when Jews also lived in Madinah Munawwarah, praying in shoes was recommended (mustahabb), because it served as a distinguishing feature. Nowadays, there are no Jews in Islamic countries, so praying in shoes is not recommended (mustahabb); rather, it is only permissible as needed. And Allah knows best.

1008. Commentary:

➊ If it were necessary to recite the entire surah, you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would have waited for the coughing to subside and then completed the surah. The fact that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) went into bowing (ruku‘) upon coughing is evidence for its permissibility. It is possible that someone may consider this an excuse, but in hadith 992, you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) divided Surah al-A‘raf into two units (rak‘ahs) without any excuse. This hadith is a clear proof regarding this issue.

➋ When some impediment arises during prayer, the prayer should be shortened.

Benefit:
It is established from this that if an impediment arises during the recitation in prayer, it is permissible to perform bowing (ruku‘) without completing the surah.