Subchapter

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to us, "O young men, those of you who can support a wife should marry, for it (marriage) controls the gaze and preserves one from immorality. And whoever cannot (marry) should fast, for it is a means of reducing the sexual desire." [Agreed upon].

Narrated Anas bin Malik (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) praised Allah, extolled Him and said, "Yet I pray and sleep; I fast and break my fast; and I marry women. He who is displeased with my Sunnah (practices) is not my followed." [Agreed upon].

Narrated [Anas bin Malik (RA)]: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to command us to marry and sternly forbid celibacy and say, "Marry women who are beloved (due to their good characteristics), prolific in bearing children, for I shall outnumber the Prophets by you on the Day of Resurrection." [Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)]. The aforesaid Hadith has a supporting narration reported by Abu Dawud. an-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban from Ma'qal bin Yasar's Hadith.

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A woman is married for four qualities, for her wealth, her family status, her beauty and her religion: so get the religious one and prosper." [Agreed upon, with the rest of the as-Sab'a].

Narrated [Abu Hurairah (RA)]: When the Prophet (ﷺ) congratulated a man on his marriage he would say, "Allah bless for you (your spouse), grant you blessing, and join you together in goodness." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrared 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) taught us Tashahhud in case of some need, which is: "Praise is due to Allah, Whom we praise and from Whom we ask help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves. He whom Allah guides has no one who can lead him astray, and he whom He leads astray has no one to guide him. I testify that there is nothing deserving of worship except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger." He (then) recites three Verses. [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim graded it Hasan (good)].

Narrated Jabir (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When one of you proposes (marriage) to a woman, if he is able to look at what will induce him to marry her, he should do so." [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. Its narrators are Thiqa (reliable) and al-Hakim declared it to be Sahih (authentic)]. The aforesaid Hadith has a Shahid (supporting narration) reported by at-Tirmidhi and an-Nasa'i from al-Mughirah. It also has a Shahid (supporting narration) reported by Ibn Majah and Ibn Hibban from the Hadith of Muhammad bin Maslamah.

Muslim reported from Abu Hurairah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) asked a man who had intended to marry a woman, "Have you looked at her" He replied, "No." He said, "Go and look at her."

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "No one of you should ask a woman in marriage when his brother has done so already, until the one who has proposed (to her) before him gives her up, or gives him permission." [Agreed upon. The wording is al-Bukhari's].

Narrated Sahl bin Sa'd as-Sa'idi (RA): A woman came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I came to offer myself to you (in marriage)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) looked her up and down (carefully), and then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) lowed his head. When the woman saw that he had not made any decision regarding her she sat down. A man of his companions then stood up and said, "O Allah's Messenger, if you have no need for her, marry her to me." He asked, "Do you have anything (to give her as dowry)?" He replied, "No, I swear by Allah, O Allah's Messenger." He thereupon said, "Go to your family and see if you can find something." He went and then returned and said, "No, I swear by Allah I found nothing." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "Look for something, even if it should be an iron ring." He went and then returned and said, "No, I swear by Allah, O Allah's Messenger, not even an iron ring; but I have onl this lower garment of mine - [Sahl said, 'He had no upper garment'] - and I shall give her half of it." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "What will she do with your lower garment? For if you wear it, there would be nothing of it on her, and if she wears it, there would be nothing of it on you." The man then sat down and when he had sit for a long time he stood up and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saw him departing, so he commanded him and he was called back. When he came back, he said, "What do you have (i.e. memorized) from the Qur'an?" He replied, "I have Surat such and such and Surat such and such," he counted them. He then asked "Can you recited them by heart?" He replied, "Yes." He said, "Go, for I have given her to you in marriage for the part of the Qur'an which you know." [Agreed upon; the wording is Muslim's]. Another narration has: "Go for I have given her to you in marriage, so teach her some of Qur'an." A narration by al-Bukhari has: "I have married her to you for the part of the Qur'an which you know." Abu Dawud has a narration from Abu Hurairah (RA): He asked, "What have you memorized?" He replied, "Surat al-Baqarah and the one that follows it." He then said. "Get up and teach her twenty Verses."

Narrated 'Aamir bin 'Abdullah bin az-Zubair on the authority of his father: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Make marriage publicly known." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrated Abu Burda bin Abu Musa on the authority of his father; Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There is no marriage without a guardian." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it. Ibn al-Madini, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic), but it was regarded defective for being Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i)].

Narrated 'Aishah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone married without the consent of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. If there is cohabitation, she is entitled to the dowry, due to the sexual intercourse made lawful with her. If there is a dispute (between her guardian), the ruler is the guardian of one who has no guardian." [Reported by al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i. Abu 'Awanah, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A previously married woman must not be married till she is consulted, and a virgin must not be married till her consent is asked." They asked, "O Allah's Messenger, how is her consent indicated?" He replied, "It is by her silence." [Agreed upon].

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A woman who has been previously married has more right over her person than her guardian, and a virgin must be consulted, and her consent is silence." [Reported by Muslim]. Another narration has: "A guardian has no authority over a woman who has been previously married,; and an orphan girl must be consulted." [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i; Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A woman may not give a woman in marriage, nor may she give herself in marriage." [Reported by Ibn Majah and ad-Daraqutni. Its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].

Narrated Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prohibited Shighar, which means that a man gives his daughter in marriage on condition that the other gives his daughter to him in marriage [in exchange] without any dowry being paid by either. [Agreed upon]. And they both agreed that the explanation of the meaning of Shighar is the saying of Nafi'.

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA): A virgin girl came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned that her father had married her against her will, so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed her to exercise her choice. [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah. If it is considered defective for being Mursal (missing link in the chain after the Tabi'i)].

Narrated al-Hasan from Samurah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If two guardians have given a woman in marriage, she marries the man she was first married to." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good)].

Narrated Jabir (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Any slave who marries without the permission of his masters or owners is (like) a fornicator." [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmidhi; the latter graded it Sahih (authentic), as did Ibn Hibban].

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man must not join together (in marriage to him) a woman and her paternal aunt or a woman and her maternal aunt." [Agreed upon].

Narrated 'Uthman (RA): Allah's Messneger (ﷺ) said: "One who is in Ihram may not marry, or be given in marriage." [Reported by Muslim]. In another narration by him it says: "He should not ask someone's hand in marriage." Ibn Hibban added: "nor give someone in engagement (to be married)."

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) married Maimunah (RA) when he was in the state of Ihram (during pilgrimage). [Agreed upon]. Muslim reported from Maimunah (RA) herself: "The Prophet (ﷺ) married her when he was not in the state of Ihram."

Narrated 'Uqbah bin 'Aamir (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy conditions to be fulfilled are those by which you make sexual intercourse lawful for yourselves (in marriage)." [Agreed upon].

Narrated Salamah bin al-Akwa' (RA): In the year of Autas, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) permitted Mut'a (temporary marriage) for three nights, then he prohibited (afterwards). [Reported by Muslim].

Narrated 'Ali (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Mut'a (temporary marriage) in the year of Khaibar. [Agreed upon].

Narrated Ibn Mas'ud (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the man who made a woman lawful for her first husband and the one for whom she was made lawful (the men involved in Halalah). [Reported by Ahmad, an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmidhi; the latter declared it to be Sahih (authentic)]. al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i reported something related to this matter, on the authority of 'Ali (RA).

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man guilty of fornication, who has been flogged (for it), should not marry any but a woman like him (similarly guilty)." [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, and its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].

Narrated 'Aishah (RA): A man divorced his wife by three pronouncements and another man married her and divorced her before cohabiting with her. Then, her first husband intended to remarry her and asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about that. He said, "No, until the other one (second husband) has enjoyed sexual intercourse with her as the first (husband) had." [Agreed upon; the wording is Muslim's].