Hadith 835
اُردوEn
وعن أبي بردة بن أبي موسى عن أبيه رضي الله تعالى عنهما قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم : « لا نكاح إلا بولي » رواه أحمد والأربعة وصححه ابن المديني والترمذي وابن حبان وأعله بالإرسال. وروى الإمام أحمد عن الحسن عن عمران بن الحصين مرفوعا : « لا نكاح إلا بولي وشاهدين».
Narrated Abu Burda bin Abu Musa on the authority of his father; Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There is no marriage without a guardian." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it. Ibn al-Madini, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic), but it was regarded defective for being Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i)].
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، النكاح، باب في الولي، حديث:2085، والترمذي، النكاح، حديث:1101، وابن ماجه، النكاح، حديث:1881، والنسائي: لم أجده، وأحمد:4 /394، وانظر لا بطال التعليل نيل المقصود لراقم الحروف،والحمد لِلهِ، وحديث عمران بن حصين أخرجه أحمد: لم أجده، ومتن الحديث صحيح بالشواهد.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith shows that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
➋ Around thirty Companions (radi Allahu anhum) have narrated this hadith, and some of its chains are authentic (sahih) while others are weak (da'if).
➌ The majority of scholars also hold the opinion that a marriage does not take place without a guardian (wali) and two witnesses.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, preference will be given to the closer guardian.
If there is no guardian at all, then the hadith states that the head of state is his/her guardian.
And if both guardians are of equal status and there is a disagreement between them, then in such a case, the ruler (hakim) will act as the guardian.
«أخرجه أبوداود، النكاح، باب في الولي، حديث:2085، والترمذي، النكاح، حديث:1101، وابن ماجه، النكاح، حديث:1881، والنسائي: لم أجده، وأحمد:4 /394، وانظر لا بطال التعليل نيل المقصود لراقم الحروف،والحمد لِلهِ، وحديث عمران بن حصين أخرجه أحمد: لم أجده، ومتن الحديث صحيح بالشواهد.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith shows that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
➋ Around thirty Companions (radi Allahu anhum) have narrated this hadith, and some of its chains are authentic (sahih) while others are weak (da'if).
➌ The majority of scholars also hold the opinion that a marriage does not take place without a guardian (wali) and two witnesses.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, preference will be given to the closer guardian.
If there is no guardian at all, then the hadith states that the head of state is his/her guardian.
And if both guardians are of equal status and there is a disagreement between them, then in such a case, the ruler (hakim) will act as the guardian.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 835
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation: 1:
From this hadith, it is understood that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
According to the majority of scholars, for a marriage to be valid, the presence of a guardian (wali) and two witnesses is necessary.
By "wali" is meant the father.
In the absence of the father, then the grandfather, then the brother, then the paternal uncle is the wali.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, then preference will be given to the closer guardian, and if someone has no guardian, then the (Muslim) ruler will be his/her guardian.
And where there is no Muslim ruler, then the respected Muslims of the village will act as guardians.
From this hadith, it is understood that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
According to the majority of scholars, for a marriage to be valid, the presence of a guardian (wali) and two witnesses is necessary.
By "wali" is meant the father.
In the absence of the father, then the grandfather, then the brother, then the paternal uncle is the wali.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, then preference will be given to the closer guardian, and if someone has no guardian, then the (Muslim) ruler will be his/her guardian.
And where there is no Muslim ruler, then the respected Muslims of the village will act as guardians.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1101
