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Hadith 698
اُردوEn
وعن عبادة بن الصامت قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم : « الذهب بالذهب والفضة بالفضة والبر بالبر والشعير بالشعير والتمر بالتمر والملح بالملح مثلا بمثل سواء بسواء يدا بيد فإذا اختلفت هذه الأصناف فبيعوا كيف شئتم إذا كان يدا بيد ». رواه مسلم .
Narrated 'Ubadah bin as-Samit (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Gold is to be paid for with gold, silver with silver, wheat with wheat, barley with barley, dates with dates, and salt with salt, same quantity for same quantity and equal for equal, hand to hand (i.e. payment being made on the spot). If these classes differ, sell as you wish as long as payment is made on the spot." [Reported by Muslim].
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه مسلم، المساقاة، باب الصرف وبيع الذهب بالورق نقدًا، حديث:1587.»©Explanation:
➊ In this hadith, it is stated that for those items in which the ruling of usury (riba) applies—whether it is gold, silver, or other food items—possession (qabdh) is a condition for the validity of sale and purchase, even if the types (jins) are different. This statement is from Allamah Khattabi rahimahullah, but the author of Subul al-Salam writes regarding this: "The scholars are unanimous that if the items are of different types, then deferred payment (credit) and disparity (tafadul) are permissible, such as exchanging gold for wheat, or silver for barley, and similarly for other items that are measured, etc.
And all are also agreed that it is not permissible to sell one thing for the same thing if one of them is deferred.
➋ This hadith is evidence that usury (riba) is found in the aforementioned six items, and the entire Ummah is unanimous upon this. However, apart from these six, the majority are of the opinion that wherever the effective cause (‘illah) of riba is found, it will be considered riba. But since there is no explicit text (nass) regarding this, there is a difference of opinion among the scholars. The Ahl al-Zahir are of the view that riba only occurs in the previously mentioned, explicitly stated items.
«أخرجه مسلم، المساقاة، باب الصرف وبيع الذهب بالورق نقدًا، حديث:1587.»©Explanation:
➊ In this hadith, it is stated that for those items in which the ruling of usury (riba) applies—whether it is gold, silver, or other food items—possession (qabdh) is a condition for the validity of sale and purchase, even if the types (jins) are different. This statement is from Allamah Khattabi rahimahullah, but the author of Subul al-Salam writes regarding this: "The scholars are unanimous that if the items are of different types, then deferred payment (credit) and disparity (tafadul) are permissible, such as exchanging gold for wheat, or silver for barley, and similarly for other items that are measured, etc.
And all are also agreed that it is not permissible to sell one thing for the same thing if one of them is deferred.
➋ This hadith is evidence that usury (riba) is found in the aforementioned six items, and the entire Ummah is unanimous upon this. However, apart from these six, the majority are of the opinion that wherever the effective cause (‘illah) of riba is found, it will be considered riba. But since there is no explicit text (nass) regarding this, there is a difference of opinion among the scholars. The Ahl al-Zahir are of the view that riba only occurs in the previously mentioned, explicitly stated items.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 698
