Hadith 1292
اُردوEn
وعنه رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم : « لا تحاسدوا ولا تناجشوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تدابروا ولا يبع بعضكم على بيع بعض وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا المسلم أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يخذله ولا يحقره التقوى ها هنا » ويشير إلى صدره ثلاث مرات : « بحسب امرىء من الشر أن يحقر أخاه المسلم . كل المسلم على المسلم حرام : دمه وماله وعرضه » أخرجه مسلم.
Abu Hurairah [RAA) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Avoid jealousy between yourselves, do not outbid one another (with a view to raising the price), do not harbor hatred against one another, do not bear enmity against one another, one of you should not enter into a transaction when the other has already entered into it; and be fellow brothers and slaves of Allah. A Muslim is a Muslim’s brother. He does not wrong, desert or despise him. Piety is found here (pointing three times to his chest), despising his Muslim brother is enough evil for any man to do. Every Muslim’s blood, property and honor are unlawful to be violated by another Muslim.” Related by Muslim.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdus Salam Bhutvi
Takhrij:
[مسلم، البر والصلة/32],
[تحفة الاشراف 456/10]
Vocabulary:
In «بِحسْبِ امْرِءٍ», the letter "ba" is additional (za’idah), and «حسب امري» is the subject (mubtada’), and «ان يحقر اخاه المسلم» forms a sentence which, being interpreted as a verbal noun (masdar), serves as its predicate (khabar).
Benefits:
➊ «لَا تَحَاسَدُوْا» is from the form "tafā‘ul" (باب تفاعل), which occurs between two persons. Do not envy one another. If someone envies you, do not respond by envying him in return.
Although retaliation for evil with evil is permitted:
«وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِّثْلُهَا» [42-الشورى:40]
“The recompense of an evil is an evil like it.”
But even in response to envy from a Muslim, envying him is not permissible; so, all the more, it is forbidden to envy someone who does not envy you. For details and remedies regarding envy, see the first hadith of this chapter.
➋ «وَلَا تَنَاجَثُوْا» is also from the form "tafā‘ul." In the language, the meaning of «نجش» is to disturb or drive prey from its place so that it may be hunted again. Here, the meaning is: when an item is being sold and its price is being bid, it is not permissible for someone to outbid another without the intention of buying, so that if another person is deceived and bids higher, he gets trapped. This kind of deception, even when done mutually, is forbidden. So, it is all the more forbidden with someone who does not do this to you.
➌ «وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوْا» is also from the form "tafā‘ul," like «تحاسدوا». The same point is present here: if a Muslim harbors enmity towards you, do not harbor enmity in return; and if someone does not harbor enmity towards you, then harboring enmity towards him is even worse. According to this ruling, those actions are also forbidden which create mutual animosity in the hearts.
➍ «وَلاَ تَدَابَرُوْا» is from «دُبُر», meaning "from the back," and is also from the form "tafā‘ul." Do not turn your backs on one another; that is, do not sever relations with one another, do not stop speaking to each other. When two people abandon each other, they turn their faces away from one another. Maintaining this state for more than three days is forbidden.
➎ Do not sell over one another’s sale:
When two Muslims have concluded a sale between themselves, it is not permissible for another Muslim to say to the seller, “Sell this item to me, I will give you a higher price,” nor is it permissible to say to the buyer, “Buy this item from me, I will give it to you cheaper; cancel the first transaction.” This leads to severe mutual enmity.
Similarly, if two parties have agreed upon marriage and only the contract (nikah) remains, it is not permissible for a third person to break off their agreement and send his own proposal. However, if the sale has not been finalized, or likewise, if the marriage proposal has not been finalized, then anyone may offer to buy at a certain price, and likewise, anyone may send a marriage proposal.
➏ O servants of Allah! Become brothers:
That is, since you are servants of Allah, obey His command. It is not the servant’s place to insist on his own way. After prohibiting five things, the instruction is given to become brothers to one another like blood brothers. Among you, there should be mutual affection, mercy, love, sympathy, cooperation, and goodwill, just as among real brothers.
➐ Those things which express Islamic brotherhood:
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. Then he mentioned three things that manifest this brotherhood:
① He does not wrong him—neither in his life, nor his wealth, nor his honor.
② He does not abandon him; if he is oppressed, he saves him from oppression; if he is the oppressor, he helps him by preventing him from oppression.
③ He does not consider him insignificant, because considering a Muslim insignificant originates from arrogance (kibr), and arrogance is contrary to faith. In Sahih Muslim, it is narrated from Ibn Mas‘ud (radi Allahu anhu) that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
«الكبر بطر الحق وغمط الناس» [صحيح مسلم ح : 91 ، الإيمان 39 ]
“Arrogance is rejecting the truth and looking down on people.”
An arrogant person, due to considering others insignificant, does not even deem them worthy of having rights over him, the fulfillment of which is obligatory upon him.
➑ What is taqwa and where is it?
The literal meaning of taqwa is to fear and to avoid. Allah’s taqwa is to act upon all His commands with hope for His reward, and to avoid all that He has forbidden in order to be saved from His punishment. Taqwa is in the heart, and its effect is manifested on all the limbs.
➒ The sin of considering a Muslim insignificant:
It is said: “It is enough evil for a man to consider his Muslim brother insignificant,” because the reason for considering him insignificant is arrogance, and arrogance is to contend with Allah. This is befitting only for Allah. Allah, the Exalted, says:
«الكبرياء ردآئي اذاري ، فمن نازعني واحدا منهما، قذفته فى النار» [صحيح ابي داؤد ، ح : 3446 ، اللباس 28 ]
“Grandeur is My cloak and greatness is My lower garment; whoever contends with Me regarding either of them, I will throw him into the Fire.”
Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
«لا يدخل الجنة من كان فى قلبه مثقال ذرة من كبر» [مسلم ]
“He will not enter Paradise who has even a mustard seed’s weight of arrogance in his heart.”
➓ The difference between «كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ» and «كُلُّ الْمُسْلِم»: The meaning of «كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ» is “every single Muslim,” and the meaning of «كُلُّ الْمُسْلِم» is “the entirety of the Muslim,” i.e., every part of the Muslim, everything belonging to the Muslim. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself clarified that every single thing of the Muslim—his blood, his wealth, and his honor—is forbidden to another Muslim.
[مسلم، البر والصلة/32],
[تحفة الاشراف 456/10]
Vocabulary:
In «بِحسْبِ امْرِءٍ», the letter "ba" is additional (za’idah), and «حسب امري» is the subject (mubtada’), and «ان يحقر اخاه المسلم» forms a sentence which, being interpreted as a verbal noun (masdar), serves as its predicate (khabar).
Benefits:
➊ «لَا تَحَاسَدُوْا» is from the form "tafā‘ul" (باب تفاعل), which occurs between two persons. Do not envy one another. If someone envies you, do not respond by envying him in return.
Although retaliation for evil with evil is permitted:
«وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِّثْلُهَا» [42-الشورى:40]
“The recompense of an evil is an evil like it.”
But even in response to envy from a Muslim, envying him is not permissible; so, all the more, it is forbidden to envy someone who does not envy you. For details and remedies regarding envy, see the first hadith of this chapter.
➋ «وَلَا تَنَاجَثُوْا» is also from the form "tafā‘ul." In the language, the meaning of «نجش» is to disturb or drive prey from its place so that it may be hunted again. Here, the meaning is: when an item is being sold and its price is being bid, it is not permissible for someone to outbid another without the intention of buying, so that if another person is deceived and bids higher, he gets trapped. This kind of deception, even when done mutually, is forbidden. So, it is all the more forbidden with someone who does not do this to you.
➌ «وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوْا» is also from the form "tafā‘ul," like «تحاسدوا». The same point is present here: if a Muslim harbors enmity towards you, do not harbor enmity in return; and if someone does not harbor enmity towards you, then harboring enmity towards him is even worse. According to this ruling, those actions are also forbidden which create mutual animosity in the hearts.
➍ «وَلاَ تَدَابَرُوْا» is from «دُبُر», meaning "from the back," and is also from the form "tafā‘ul." Do not turn your backs on one another; that is, do not sever relations with one another, do not stop speaking to each other. When two people abandon each other, they turn their faces away from one another. Maintaining this state for more than three days is forbidden.
➎ Do not sell over one another’s sale:
When two Muslims have concluded a sale between themselves, it is not permissible for another Muslim to say to the seller, “Sell this item to me, I will give you a higher price,” nor is it permissible to say to the buyer, “Buy this item from me, I will give it to you cheaper; cancel the first transaction.” This leads to severe mutual enmity.
Similarly, if two parties have agreed upon marriage and only the contract (nikah) remains, it is not permissible for a third person to break off their agreement and send his own proposal. However, if the sale has not been finalized, or likewise, if the marriage proposal has not been finalized, then anyone may offer to buy at a certain price, and likewise, anyone may send a marriage proposal.
➏ O servants of Allah! Become brothers:
That is, since you are servants of Allah, obey His command. It is not the servant’s place to insist on his own way. After prohibiting five things, the instruction is given to become brothers to one another like blood brothers. Among you, there should be mutual affection, mercy, love, sympathy, cooperation, and goodwill, just as among real brothers.
➐ Those things which express Islamic brotherhood:
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. Then he mentioned three things that manifest this brotherhood:
① He does not wrong him—neither in his life, nor his wealth, nor his honor.
② He does not abandon him; if he is oppressed, he saves him from oppression; if he is the oppressor, he helps him by preventing him from oppression.
③ He does not consider him insignificant, because considering a Muslim insignificant originates from arrogance (kibr), and arrogance is contrary to faith. In Sahih Muslim, it is narrated from Ibn Mas‘ud (radi Allahu anhu) that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
«الكبر بطر الحق وغمط الناس» [صحيح مسلم ح : 91 ، الإيمان 39 ]
“Arrogance is rejecting the truth and looking down on people.”
An arrogant person, due to considering others insignificant, does not even deem them worthy of having rights over him, the fulfillment of which is obligatory upon him.
➑ What is taqwa and where is it?
The literal meaning of taqwa is to fear and to avoid. Allah’s taqwa is to act upon all His commands with hope for His reward, and to avoid all that He has forbidden in order to be saved from His punishment. Taqwa is in the heart, and its effect is manifested on all the limbs.
➒ The sin of considering a Muslim insignificant:
It is said: “It is enough evil for a man to consider his Muslim brother insignificant,” because the reason for considering him insignificant is arrogance, and arrogance is to contend with Allah. This is befitting only for Allah. Allah, the Exalted, says:
«الكبرياء ردآئي اذاري ، فمن نازعني واحدا منهما، قذفته فى النار» [صحيح ابي داؤد ، ح : 3446 ، اللباس 28 ]
“Grandeur is My cloak and greatness is My lower garment; whoever contends with Me regarding either of them, I will throw him into the Fire.”
Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
«لا يدخل الجنة من كان فى قلبه مثقال ذرة من كبر» [مسلم ]
“He will not enter Paradise who has even a mustard seed’s weight of arrogance in his heart.”
➓ The difference between «كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ» and «كُلُّ الْمُسْلِم»: The meaning of «كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ» is “every single Muslim,” and the meaning of «كُلُّ الْمُسْلِم» is “the entirety of the Muslim,” i.e., every part of the Muslim, everything belonging to the Muslim. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself clarified that every single thing of the Muslim—his blood, his wealth, and his honor—is forbidden to another Muslim.
Source: Sharh Bulugh al-Maram min Adillat al-Ahkam, Kitab al-Jami', Page: 188
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه مسلم، البر والصلة، باب تحريم ظلم المسلم...، حديث:2564.»©
Explanation:
➊ In this hadith, there is a comprehensive statement regarding how individuals in a good Muslim society should interact and live together.
➋ In it, there is an exhortation to avoid the deadly disease of envy (hasad).
➌ From an economic perspective, increasing the price of a transaction solely to benefit the owner is also not a display of good character, because the buyer is also his Muslim brother—how can it be noble to cause him harm?
➍ Do not harbor malice, for it greatly affects mutual love.
➎ Do not commit excess, rebellion, or oppression against one another; rather, live together as brothers. Be well-wishers for one another; let no one harm or injure another, nor seek out each other's faults, nor consider anyone insignificant, nor think highly of oneself, because considering oneself superior and another brother insignificant is arrogance (kibr), which is an extremely dangerous disease.
➏ For every Muslim, whether young or old, rich or poor, the blood, wealth, and honor of another Muslim are forbidden (haram). No one should tamper with another's life, wealth, or honor.
«أخرجه مسلم، البر والصلة، باب تحريم ظلم المسلم...، حديث:2564.»©
Explanation:
➊ In this hadith, there is a comprehensive statement regarding how individuals in a good Muslim society should interact and live together.
➋ In it, there is an exhortation to avoid the deadly disease of envy (hasad).
➌ From an economic perspective, increasing the price of a transaction solely to benefit the owner is also not a display of good character, because the buyer is also his Muslim brother—how can it be noble to cause him harm?
➍ Do not harbor malice, for it greatly affects mutual love.
➎ Do not commit excess, rebellion, or oppression against one another; rather, live together as brothers. Be well-wishers for one another; let no one harm or injure another, nor seek out each other's faults, nor consider anyone insignificant, nor think highly of oneself, because considering oneself superior and another brother insignificant is arrogance (kibr), which is an extremely dangerous disease.
➏ For every Muslim, whether young or old, rich or poor, the blood, wealth, and honor of another Muslim are forbidden (haram). No one should tamper with another's life, wealth, or honor.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 1292
