The Book of Al-Farad (The Laws of Inheritance)
بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلاَدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلاَلَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ} :
(1) Chapter. “Allah commands you as regards your children’s (inheritance)…”
2بَابُ تَعْلِيمِ الْفَرَائِضِ:
(2) Chapter. Learning about the Laws of Inheritance (descent and distribution).
3بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ»:
(3) Chapter. The statement of the Prophet: “Our (i.e., Messengers’) property is not to be inherited, and whatever we leave (after our death), is Sadaqa (to be spent in charity)."
4بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلأَهْلِهِ»:
(4) Chapter. The statement of the Prophet: “Whoever leaves some property (after his death), then it is for his family (inheritors)."
5بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْوَلَدِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ:
(5) Chapter. The inheritance share of the offspring from the property of their dead fathers and mothers.
6بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْبَنَاتِ:
(6) Chapter. The inheritance of daughters (i.e., their right to inherit property).
7بَابُ مِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الاِبْنِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنٌ:
(7) Chapter. The inheritance of one’s grandchild if one has no child.
8بَابُ مِيرَاثِ ابْنَةِ ابْنٍ مَعَ ابْنَةٍ:
(8) Chapter. The share of inheritance of one‘s son’s daughter in the presence of own daughter.
9بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّ مَعَ الأَبِ وَالإِخْوَةِ:
(9) Chapter. The shares of inheritance for the (living) paternal grandfather, the father and brothers of the deceased.
10بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الزَّوْجِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَغَيْرِهِ:
(10) Chapter. The inheritance of the husband along with the offspring and other relatives (of the deceased).
11بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَالزَّوْجِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَغَيْرِهِ:
(11) Chapter. The inheritance of a woman and a husband along with the offspring and other relatives.
12بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَخَوَاتِ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ عَصَبَةً:
(12) Chapter. The sisters (of the deceased) share the inheritance with the daughters (of the deceased), the sisters being treated as the Asaba.
13بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَخَوَاتِ وَالإِخْوَةِ:
(13) Chapter. The inheritance of the sisters and brothers.
14بَابُ: {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلاَلَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالاً وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ} :
(14) Chapter. (The Statement of Allah:) “They ask you for a legal verdict. Say; ‘Allah directs (thus) about Al-Kalalah (those who leave neither decendants nor ascendants as heirs). If it is a man that dies, leaving a sister, but no child, she shall have half the inheritance. If (such a deceased was) a woman, who left no child, her brother takes her inheritance. If there are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance; if there are brothers and sisters, then the male will have twice the share of the female.’ (Thus) dose Allah makes clear to you (His Law), lest you go astray. And Allah is the All-Knower of everything." (V.4:176)
15بَابُ ابْنَيْ عَمٍّ أَحَدُهُمَا أَخٌ لِلأُمِّ وَالآخَرُ زَوْجٌ:
(15) Chapter. Regarding the heirs of a lady who dies, leaving two cousins, one of whom is her maternal brother and the other, her husband.
16بَابُ ذَوِي الأَرْحَامِ:
(16) Chapter. (Can) kindred by blood (i.e., Dhawil-Arham) (be the heir of the deceased).
17بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمُلاَعَنَةِ:
(17) Chapter. The inheritance in the case of Mulaana.
18بَابُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ حُرَّةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَمَةً:
(18) Chapter. The child is for the owner of the bed, whether its mother was a free lady or a slave-girl.
19بَابُ الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَمِيرَاثُ اللَّقِيطِ:
(19) Chapter. Al-Wala is for the manumitter. (Regarding) the inheritance of Al-Laqit (a small child or an insane person, who has nobody to be responsible for him).
20بَابُ مِيرَاثِ السَّائِبَةِ:
(20) Chapter. The heir of the Saiba (a slave whose master frees him and tells him that nobody will be entitled to get his Wala).
21بَابُ إِثْمِ مَنْ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ:
(21) Chapter. The sin of the freed slave who denies his master who has freed him.
22بَابُ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ:
(22) Chapter. If someone is converted to Islam through somebody else.
23بَابُ مَا يَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ مِنَ الْوَلاَءِ:
(23) Chapter. What a women can inherit of the Wala.
24بَابُ مَوْلَى الْقَوْمِ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَابْنُ الأُخْتِ مِنْهُمْ:
(24) Chapter. The freed slave belongs to the people who have freed him. And the son of the sister of some people is one of them (belongs to those people).
25بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَسِيرِ:
(25) Chapter. The inheritance of a captive (in the hands of the enemy).
26بَابُ لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلاَ الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ، وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَلاَ مِيرَاثَ لَهُ:
(26) Chapter. Neither a Muslim can be the heir of a disbeliever, nor a disbeliever can be the heir of a Muslim. And if somebody becomes a Muslim bfore the property of his dead (disbelievers) relative is divided among the heirs, he will have no share.
27بَابُ مَنِ ادَّعَى أَخًا أَوِ ابْنَ أَخٍ:
(28) Chapter. Whoever claims that somebody is his brother or his nephew.
28بَابُ مَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ:
(29) Chapter. Whoever claims to be the son of a person other than his father.
29بَابُ إِذَا ادَّعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ابْنًا:
(30) Chapter. If a lady claims to be the mother of a son.
30بَابُ الْقَائِفِ:
(31) Chapter. The Qaif (one who is expert in noticing resemblance between persons belonging to the same lineage).
