صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
سورة الرُّومِ:
SURAT AR-RUM (The Romans)
Hadith 4774
قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : وَكَانُوا مُسْتَبْصِرِينَ : ضَلَلَةً ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : الْحَيَوَانُ وَالْحَيُّ وَاحِدٌ ، فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ : عَلِمَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ، فَلِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ كَقَوْلِهِ : لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ : مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ ، أَثْقَالًا مَعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ : أَوْزَارًا مَعَ أَوْزَارِهِمْ.
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the meaning of «وكانوا مستبصرين» is that they were astray (and considered themselves to be guided). Others said that animals are meant, and its singular is «حيي». In «فليعلمن الله», discernment through knowledge, that is, to explain clearly, is meant, just as it is in «ليميز الله الخبيث». The meaning of «أثقالا مع أثقالهم» is that they will carry their own burdens as well as the burdens of others.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورٌ ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يُحَدِّثُ فِي كِنْدَةَ ، فَقَالَ : يَجِيءُ دُخَانٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، فَيَأْخُذُ بِأَسْمَاعِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ، وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ يَأْخُذُ الْمُؤْمِنَ كَهَيْئَةِ الزُّكَامِ ، فَفَزِعْنَا ، فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا ، فَغَضِبَ فَجَلَسَ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ عَلِمَ فَلْيَقُلْ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَلْيَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ ، يَقُولَ : لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ لَا أَعْلَمُ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ، قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ سورة ص آية 86 ، وَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَبْطَئُوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِمْ بِسَبْعٍ كَسَبْعِ يُوسُفَ " ، فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ حَتَّى هَلَكُوا فِيهَا وَأَكَلُوا الْمَيْتَةَ وَالْعِظَامَ ، وَيَرَى الرَّجُلُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ كَهَيْئَةِ الدُّخَانِ ، فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ جِئْتَ تَأْمُرُنَا بِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ ، وَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ ، فَقَرَأَ : فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ عَائِدُونَ سورة الدخان آية 10 - 15 ، أَفَيُكْشَفُ عَنْهُمْ عَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ إِذَا جَاءَ ثُمَّ عَادُوا إِلَى كُفْرِهِمْ ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى سورة الدخان آية 16 يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَلِزَامًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ، الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ إِلَى سَيَغْلِبُونَ سورة الروم آية 1 - 3 وَالرُّومُ قَدْ مَضَى .
Narrated Masruq: While a man was delivering a speech in the tribe of Kinda, he said, "Smoke will prevail on the Day of Resurrection and will deprive the hypocrites their faculties of hearing and seeing. The believers will be afflicted with something like cold only thereof." That news scared us, so I went to (Abdullah) Ibn Mas`ud while he was reclining (and told him the story) whereupon he became angry, sat up and said, "He who knows a thing can say, it, but if he does not know, he should say, 'Allah knows best,' for it is an aspect of knowledge to say, 'I do not know,' if you do not know a certain thing. Allah said to His prophet. 'Say (O Muhammad): No wage do I ask of you for this (Qur'an), nor I am one of the pretenders (a person who pretends things which do not exist.)' (38.86) The Qur'aish delayed in embracing Islam for a period, so the Prophet invoked evil on them, saying, 'O Allah! Help me against them by sending seven years of (famine) like those of Joseph.' So they were afflicted with such a severe year of famine that they were destroyed therein and ate dead animals and bones. They started seeing something like smoke between the sky and the earth (because of severe hunger). Abu Sufyan then came (to the Prophet) and said, "O Muhammad! You came to order us for to keep good relations with Kith and kin, and your kinsmen have now perished, so please invoke Allah (to relieve them).' Then Ibn Mas`ud recited:-- 'Then watch you for the day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke plainly visible....but truly you will return! (to disbelief) (44.10-15) Ibn Mas`ud added, Then the punishment was stopped, but truly, they reverted to heathenism (their old way). So Allah (threatened them thus): 'On the day when we shall seize you with a mighty grasp.' (44.16) And that was the day of the Battle of Badr. Allah's saying- "Lizama" (the punishment) refers to the day of Badr Allah's Statement: Alif-Lam-Mim, the Romans have been defeated, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious,' (30.1- 3) (This verse): Indicates that the defeat of Byzantine has already passed.
{فَلاَ يَرْبُو} مَنْ أَعْطَى يَبْتَغِي أَفْضَلَ فَلاَ أَجْرَ لَهُ فِيهَا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : يُحْبَرُونَ : يُنَعَّمُونَ ، يَمْهَدُونَ : يُسَوُّونَ الْمَضَاجِعَ الْوَدْقُ الْمَطَرُ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : هَلْ لَكُمْ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ : فِي الْآلِهَةِ وَفِيهِ ، تَخَافُونَهُمْ : أَنْ يَرِثُوكُمْ كَمَا يَرِثُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا ، يَصَّدَّعُونَ : يَتَفَرَّقُونَ ، فَاصْدَعْ ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : ضُعْفٌ وَضَعْفٌ لُغَتَانِ ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : السُّوأَى : الْإِسَاءَةُ جَزَاءُ الْمُسِيئِينَ .
«فلا يربو» That is, the one who gives a loan on interest will receive no reward. Mujahid said the meaning of «يحبرون» is "they will be given blessings." «فلا نفسهم يمهدون» means "they spread bedding for themselves" (in the grave or in Paradise). «الودق» refers to rain. Ibn Abbas said that this verse «هل لكم مما ملكت أيمانكم» was revealed regarding the example of Allah the Exalted and the idols. «تخافونهم» means, "Do you fear that your slave men and slave women will become your heirs as you inherit from one another?" «يصدعون» means "they will become separated." The meaning of «فاصدع» is "to clearly state the truth," and some have said that both «ضعف» and «ضعف» are recited with dammah and fathah on the letter ḍād. Mujahid said the meaning of «السوأى» is "evil," that is, the recompense for those who do evil will be evil.
Hadith 4774
قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : وَكَانُوا مُسْتَبْصِرِينَ : ضَلَلَةً ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : الْحَيَوَانُ وَالْحَيُّ وَاحِدٌ ، فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ : عَلِمَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ، فَلِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ كَقَوْلِهِ : لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ : مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ ، أَثْقَالًا مَعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ : أَوْزَارًا مَعَ أَوْزَارِهِمْ.
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the meaning of «وكانوا مستبصرين» is that they were astray (and considered themselves to be guided). Others said that animals are meant, and its singular is «حيي». In «فليعلمن الله», discernment through knowledge, that is, to explain clearly, is meant, just as it is in «ليميز الله الخبيث». The meaning of «أثقالا مع أثقالهم» is that they will carry their own burdens as well as the burdens of others.
{فَلاَ يَرْبُو} مَنْ أَعْطَى يَبْتَغِي أَفْضَلَ فَلاَ أَجْرَ لَهُ فِيهَا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : يُحْبَرُونَ : يُنَعَّمُونَ ، يَمْهَدُونَ : يُسَوُّونَ الْمَضَاجِعَ الْوَدْقُ الْمَطَرُ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : هَلْ لَكُمْ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ : فِي الْآلِهَةِ وَفِيهِ ، تَخَافُونَهُمْ : أَنْ يَرِثُوكُمْ كَمَا يَرِثُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا ، يَصَّدَّعُونَ : يَتَفَرَّقُونَ ، فَاصْدَعْ ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : ضُعْفٌ وَضَعْفٌ لُغَتَانِ ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : السُّوأَى : الْإِسَاءَةُ جَزَاءُ الْمُسِيئِينَ .
«فلا يربو» That is, the one who gives a loan on interest will receive no reward. Mujahid said the meaning of «يحبرون» is "they will be given blessings." «فلا نفسهم يمهدون» means "they spread bedding for themselves" (in the grave or in Paradise). «الودق» refers to rain. Ibn Abbas said that this verse «هل لكم مما ملكت أيمانكم» was revealed regarding the example of Allah the Exalted and the idols. «تخافونهم» means, "Do you fear that your slave men and slave women will become your heirs as you inherit from one another?" «يصدعون» means "they will become separated." The meaning of «فاصدع» is "to clearly state the truth," and some have said that both «ضعف» and «ضعف» are recited with dammah and fathah on the letter ḍād. Mujahid said the meaning of «السوأى» is "evil," that is, the recompense for those who do evil will be evil.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورٌ ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يُحَدِّثُ فِي كِنْدَةَ ، فَقَالَ : يَجِيءُ دُخَانٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، فَيَأْخُذُ بِأَسْمَاعِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ، وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ يَأْخُذُ الْمُؤْمِنَ كَهَيْئَةِ الزُّكَامِ ، فَفَزِعْنَا ، فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا ، فَغَضِبَ فَجَلَسَ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ عَلِمَ فَلْيَقُلْ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَلْيَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ ، يَقُولَ : لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ لَا أَعْلَمُ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ، قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ سورة ص آية 86 ، وَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَبْطَئُوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِمْ بِسَبْعٍ كَسَبْعِ يُوسُفَ " ، فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ حَتَّى هَلَكُوا فِيهَا وَأَكَلُوا الْمَيْتَةَ وَالْعِظَامَ ، وَيَرَى الرَّجُلُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ كَهَيْئَةِ الدُّخَانِ ، فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ جِئْتَ تَأْمُرُنَا بِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ ، وَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ ، فَقَرَأَ : فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ عَائِدُونَ سورة الدخان آية 10 - 15 ، أَفَيُكْشَفُ عَنْهُمْ عَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ إِذَا جَاءَ ثُمَّ عَادُوا إِلَى كُفْرِهِمْ ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى سورة الدخان آية 16 يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَلِزَامًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ، الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ إِلَى سَيَغْلِبُونَ سورة الروم آية 1 - 3 وَالرُّومُ قَدْ مَضَى .
Narrated Masruq: While a man was delivering a speech in the tribe of Kinda, he said, "Smoke will prevail on the Day of Resurrection and will deprive the hypocrites their faculties of hearing and seeing. The believers will be afflicted with something like cold only thereof." That news scared us, so I went to (Abdullah) Ibn Mas`ud while he was reclining (and told him the story) whereupon he became angry, sat up and said, "He who knows a thing can say, it, but if he does not know, he should say, 'Allah knows best,' for it is an aspect of knowledge to say, 'I do not know,' if you do not know a certain thing. Allah said to His prophet. 'Say (O Muhammad): No wage do I ask of you for this (Qur'an), nor I am one of the pretenders (a person who pretends things which do not exist.)' (38.86) The Qur'aish delayed in embracing Islam for a period, so the Prophet invoked evil on them, saying, 'O Allah! Help me against them by sending seven years of (famine) like those of Joseph.' So they were afflicted with such a severe year of famine that they were destroyed therein and ate dead animals and bones. They started seeing something like smoke between the sky and the earth (because of severe hunger). Abu Sufyan then came (to the Prophet) and said, "O Muhammad! You came to order us for to keep good relations with Kith and kin, and your kinsmen have now perished, so please invoke Allah (to relieve them).' Then Ibn Mas`ud recited:-- 'Then watch you for the day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke plainly visible....but truly you will return! (to disbelief) (44.10-15) Ibn Mas`ud added, Then the punishment was stopped, but truly, they reverted to heathenism (their old way). So Allah (threatened them thus): 'On the day when we shall seize you with a mighty grasp.' (44.16) And that was the day of the Battle of Badr. Allah's saying- "Lizama" (the punishment) refers to the day of Badr Allah's Statement: Alif-Lam-Mim, the Romans have been defeated, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious,' (30.1- 3) (This verse): Indicates that the defeat of Byzantine has already passed.
