صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالأَقْرَبُونَ} الآيَةَ:
Chapter. “And to everyone, We have appointed heirs of that (property) left by parents and relatives. To those, also, with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them their due portion [by Wasiya (wills)]. Truly, Allah is Ever a Witness over all things.” (V.4:33)
Hadith 4580
حَدَّثَنِي الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا : " وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، قَالَ : وَرَثَةً ، وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَرِثُ الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلْأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، نُسِخَتْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 مِنَ النَّصْرِ ، وَالرِّفَادَةِ ، وَالنَّصِيحَةِ ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَيُوصِي لَهُ " ، سَمِعَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ إِدْرِيسَ ، وَسَمِعَ إِدْرِيسُ طَلْحَةَ .
Narrated Ibn `Abbas: Regarding the Verse: "To everyone, We have appointed heirs." (4.33) 'Mawali' means heirs. And regarding:-- "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." When the Emigrants came to Medina, an Emigrant used to be the heir of an Ansari with the exclusion of the latter's relatives, and that was because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet had established between them (i.e. the Emigrants and the Ansar). So when the Verses:-- "To everyone We have appointed heirs." was revealed, (the inheritance through bond of brotherhood) was cancelled. Ibn `Abbas then said: "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." is concerned with the covenant of helping and advising each other. So allies are no longer to be the heir of each other, but they can bequeath each other some of their property by means of a will.
وَقَالَ مَعْمَرٌ : أَوْلِيَاءُ مَوَالِي وَأَوْلِيَاء ، وَرَثَةٌ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ هُوَ مَوْلَى الْيَمِينِ ، وَهْوَ الْحَلِيفُ وَالْمَوْلَى أَيْضًا ، ابْنُ الْعَمِّ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمُنْعِمُ الْمُعْتِقُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمُعْتَقُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمَلِيكُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى مَوْلًى فِي الدِّينِ .
Mu'ammar said that by «موالي» are meant his guardians and heirs. By «والذين عقدت ايمانكم» are meant those people whom they used to make their heirs by swearing an oath, i.e., allies. And «مولى» has come with several meanings: the son of an uncle, a slave, the owner of a slave woman, one who does a favor to her, one who frees her, the slave himself who is freed, the owner, and the leader in religion.
Hadith 4580
وَقَالَ مَعْمَرٌ : أَوْلِيَاءُ مَوَالِي وَأَوْلِيَاء ، وَرَثَةٌ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ هُوَ مَوْلَى الْيَمِينِ ، وَهْوَ الْحَلِيفُ وَالْمَوْلَى أَيْضًا ، ابْنُ الْعَمِّ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمُنْعِمُ الْمُعْتِقُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمُعْتَقُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى الْمَلِيكُ ، وَالْمَوْلَى مَوْلًى فِي الدِّينِ .
Mu'ammar said that by «موالي» are meant his guardians and heirs. By «والذين عقدت ايمانكم» are meant those people whom they used to make their heirs by swearing an oath, i.e., allies. And «مولى» has come with several meanings: the son of an uncle, a slave, the owner of a slave woman, one who does a favor to her, one who frees her, the slave himself who is freed, the owner, and the leader in religion.
حَدَّثَنِي الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا : " وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، قَالَ : وَرَثَةً ، وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَرِثُ الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلْأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، نُسِخَتْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 مِنَ النَّصْرِ ، وَالرِّفَادَةِ ، وَالنَّصِيحَةِ ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَيُوصِي لَهُ " ، سَمِعَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ إِدْرِيسَ ، وَسَمِعَ إِدْرِيسُ طَلْحَةَ .
Narrated Ibn `Abbas: Regarding the Verse: "To everyone, We have appointed heirs." (4.33) 'Mawali' means heirs. And regarding:-- "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." When the Emigrants came to Medina, an Emigrant used to be the heir of an Ansari with the exclusion of the latter's relatives, and that was because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet had established between them (i.e. the Emigrants and the Ansar). So when the Verses:-- "To everyone We have appointed heirs." was revealed, (the inheritance through bond of brotherhood) was cancelled. Ibn `Abbas then said: "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." is concerned with the covenant of helping and advising each other. So allies are no longer to be the heir of each other, but they can bequeath each other some of their property by means of a will.
