صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الوصاياThe Book of Wasaya (Wills and Testaments)
بَابُ تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} :
Chapter. The explanation of the Statement of Allah: “… After payment of legacies that they may have bequeathed or debts..." (V.4:12)
Hadith 2750
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أن حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه ، قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَعْطَانِي ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَعْطَانِي ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي : " يَا حَكِيمُ ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ خَضِرٌ حُلْوٌ ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ بِسَخَاوَةِ نَفْسٍ بُورِكَ لَهُ فِيهِ ، وَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهِ ، وَكَانَ كَالَّذِي يَأْكُلُ وَلَا يَشْبَعُ ، وَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى " . قَالَ حَكِيمٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَرْزَأُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَكَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أُفَارِقَ الدُّنْيَا ، فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدْعُو حَكِيمًا لِيُعْطِيَهُ الْعَطَاءَ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ دَعَاهُ لِيُعْطِيَهُ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، إِنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ حَقَّهُ الَّذِي قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَرْزَأْ حَكِيمٌ أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ .
Narrated `Urwa bin Az-Zubair: Hakim bin Hizam said, "I asked Allah's Apostle for something, and he gave me, and I asked him again and he gave me and said, 'O Hakim! This wealth is green and sweet (i.e. as tempting as fruits), and whoever takes it without greed then he is blessed in it, and whoever takes it with greediness, he is not blessed in it and he is like one who eats and never gets satisfied. The upper (i.e. giving) hand is better than the lower (i.e. taking) hand." Hakim added, "I said, O Allah's Apostle! By Him Who has sent you with the Truth I will never demand anything from anybody after you till I die." Afterwards Abu Bakr used to call Hakim to give him something but he refused to accept anything from him. Then `Umar called him to give him (something) but he refused. Then `Umar said, "O Muslims! I offered to him (i.e. Hakim) his share which Allah has ordained for him from this booty and he refuses to take it." Thus Hakim did not ask anybody for anything after the Prophet, till he died--may Allah bestow His mercy upon him.
وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ ، وَقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا سورة النساء آية 58فَأَدَاءُ الْأَمَانَةِ أَحَقُّ مِنْ تَطَوُّعِ الْوَصِيَّةِ ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صَدَقَةَ إِلَّا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَا يُوصِي الْعَبْدُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِ ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ " .
'And it is reported that' the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered that debt be given precedence over bequest, and (in this Surah) the statement of Allah «إن الله يأمركم أن تؤدوا الأمانات إلى أهلها» "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due." So fulfilling a trust (debt) is more necessary than fulfilling a voluntary bequest, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best charity is that after which a person remains wealthy." And Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said, "A slave cannot make a bequest without the permission of his master," and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "A slave is a guardian over the wealth of his master."
Hadith 2750
وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ ، وَقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا سورة النساء آية 58فَأَدَاءُ الْأَمَانَةِ أَحَقُّ مِنْ تَطَوُّعِ الْوَصِيَّةِ ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صَدَقَةَ إِلَّا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَا يُوصِي الْعَبْدُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِ ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ " .
'And it is reported that' the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered that debt be given precedence over bequest, and (in this Surah) the statement of Allah «إن الله يأمركم أن تؤدوا الأمانات إلى أهلها» "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due." So fulfilling a trust (debt) is more necessary than fulfilling a voluntary bequest, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best charity is that after which a person remains wealthy." And Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said, "A slave cannot make a bequest without the permission of his master," and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "A slave is a guardian over the wealth of his master."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أن حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه ، قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَعْطَانِي ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَعْطَانِي ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي : " يَا حَكِيمُ ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ خَضِرٌ حُلْوٌ ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ بِسَخَاوَةِ نَفْسٍ بُورِكَ لَهُ فِيهِ ، وَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهِ ، وَكَانَ كَالَّذِي يَأْكُلُ وَلَا يَشْبَعُ ، وَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى " . قَالَ حَكِيمٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَرْزَأُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَكَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أُفَارِقَ الدُّنْيَا ، فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدْعُو حَكِيمًا لِيُعْطِيَهُ الْعَطَاءَ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ دَعَاهُ لِيُعْطِيَهُ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، إِنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ حَقَّهُ الَّذِي قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ ، فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَرْزَأْ حَكِيمٌ أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ .
Narrated `Urwa bin Az-Zubair: Hakim bin Hizam said, "I asked Allah's Apostle for something, and he gave me, and I asked him again and he gave me and said, 'O Hakim! This wealth is green and sweet (i.e. as tempting as fruits), and whoever takes it without greed then he is blessed in it, and whoever takes it with greediness, he is not blessed in it and he is like one who eats and never gets satisfied. The upper (i.e. giving) hand is better than the lower (i.e. taking) hand." Hakim added, "I said, O Allah's Apostle! By Him Who has sent you with the Truth I will never demand anything from anybody after you till I die." Afterwards Abu Bakr used to call Hakim to give him something but he refused to accept anything from him. Then `Umar called him to give him (something) but he refused. Then `Umar said, "O Muslims! I offered to him (i.e. Hakim) his share which Allah has ordained for him from this booty and he refuses to take it." Thus Hakim did not ask anybody for anything after the Prophet, till he died--may Allah bestow His mercy upon him.
Hadith 2751
حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : " كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ ، وَالْإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ ، وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا رَاعِيَةٌ وَمَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهَا ، وَالْخَادِمُ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ ، قَالَ : وَحَسِبْتُ أَنْ قَدْ قَالَ : وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ أَبِيهِ " .
Narrated Ibn `Umar: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "All of you are guardians and responsible for your charges: the Ruler (i.e. Imam) is a guardian and responsible for his subjects; and a man is a guardian of his family and is responsible for his charges; and a lady is a guardian in the house of her husband and is responsible for her charge; and a servant is a guardian of the property of his master and is responsible for his charge." I think he also said, "And a man is a guardian of the property of his father."
