The Book of Wasaya (Wills and Testaments)
بَابُ الْوَصَايَا:
(1) Chapter. Al-Wasaya (The Wills).
2بَابُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ وَرَثَتَهُ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَكَفَّفُوا النَّاسَ:
(2) Chapter. One would rather leave one’s inheritors wealthy than leave them (poor) begging others.
3بَابُ الْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ:
(3) Chapter. To will one-third of one’s property.
4بَابُ قَوْلِ الْمُوصِي لِوَصِيِّهِ تَعَاهَدْ وَلَدِي. وَمَا يَجُوزُ لِلْوَصِيِّ مِنَ الدَّعْوَى:
(4) Chapter. The saying of a testator to the executor, “Look after my son,” and what is permissible for the executor to claim.
5بَابُ إِذَا أَوْمَأَ الْمَرِيضُ بِرَأْسِهِ إِشَارَةً بَيِّنَةً جَازَتْ:
(5) Chapter. If a patient gives an evident clear sign by nodding, (is that sign to be taken as a valid evidence?).
6بَابُ لاَ وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ:
(6) Chapter. A legal heir has no right to inherit through a will.
7بَابُ الصَّدَقَةِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ:
(7) Chapter. Giving in charity at the time of death.
8بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} :
(8) Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “... After the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts...” (V.4:11)
9بَابُ تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} :
(9) Chapter. The explanation of the Statement of Allah: “… After payment of legacies that they may have bequeathed or debts..." (V.4:12)
10بَابُ إِذَا وَقَفَ أَوْ أَوْصَى لأَقَارِبِهِ وَمَنِ الأَقَارِبُ:
(10) Chapter. If somebody founds an endowment (or bequeathes) his relatives by a will (is it permissible?). And who are considered as relatives.
11بَابُ هَلْ يَدْخُلُ النِّسَاءُ وَالْوَلَدُ فِي الأَقَارِبِ:
(11) Chapter. Are children and women included under the term of relatives (concerning wills)?
12بَابُ هَلْ يَنْتَفِعُ الْوَاقِفُ بِوَقْفِهِ:
(12) Chapter. Can the founder of an endowment have the benefit of his endowment?
13بَابُ إِذَا قَالَ أَرْضِي أَوْ بُسْتَانِي صَدَقَةٌ عَنْ أُمِّي. فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُبَيِّنْ لِمَنْ ذَلِكَ:
(15) Chapter. If someone says, “My land or my garden is Sadaqa for Allah’s sake on my mother’s behalf," his Sadaqa is valid even if he did not specify to whom it is to be given.
14بَابُ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ أَوْ أَوْقَفَ بَعْضَ مَالِهِ، أَوْ بَعْضَ رَقِيقِهِ أَوْ دَوَابِّهِ، فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ:
(16) Chapter. It is permissible for one to give part of his wealth or some slaves of his slaves or animals in charity or as an endowment.
15بَابُ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ إِلَى وَكِيلِهِ ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْوَكِيلُ إِلَيْهِ:
(17) Chapter. Whoever gave something to his representative to give in charity and then the latter returned it to him.
16بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ} :
(18) Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “And when the relatives and the orphans and Al-Masakin (the poor) are present at the time of division, give them out of the property...” (V.4:8)
17بَابُ مَا يُسْتَحَبُّ لِمَنْ يُتَوَفَّى فَجْأَةً أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقُوا عَنْهُ، وَقَضَاءِ النُّذُورِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ:
(19) Chapter. It is recommended that something should be given in charity on behalf of a person who dies suddenly. And the execution of the vows of the deceased.
18بَابُ الإِشْهَادِ فِي الْوَقْفِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ:
(20) Chapter. The witnesses in the foundation of an endowment or in giving in charity.
19بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ لاَ تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} :
(21) Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “And give unto orphans their property, and do not exchange (your) bad things for (their) good ones; and devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance. Surely, this is a great sin”.
20بَابُ وَمَا لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَمَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ بِقَدْرِ عُمَالَتِهِ:
(22b) Chapter. How a guardian is to deal with an orphan’s wealth and what he can eat thereof according to his labour.
21بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا} :
(23) Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they eat up only fire into their bellies, and they will be burnt in the blazing Fire!” (V.4:10)
22بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلاَحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لأَعْنَتَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ} :
(24) Chapter. Allah’s Statement:
23بَابُ اسْتِخْدَامِ الْيَتِيمِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ إِذَا كَانَ صَلاَحًا لَهُ، وَنَظَرِ الأُمِّ وَزَوْجِهَا لِلْيَتِيمِ:
(25) Chapter. The employment of an orphan on a journey and at home, provided it is beneficial for him. And (it is obligatory) for the mother and the stepfather of an orphan to look after him (even if they were not his guardians).
24بَابُ إِذَا وَقَفَ أَرْضًا وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنِ الْحُدُودَ فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ:
(26) Chapter. If somebody gives a piece of land as an endowment and does not mark its boundaries, the endowment is valid. The same is applied to objects of charity.
25بَابُ إِذَا أَوْقَفَ جَمَاعَةٌ أَرْضًا مُشَاعًا فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ:
(27) Chapter. If a group of person give a jointly-owned piece of land as an endowment, the foundation of the endowment is valid.
26بَابُ الْوَقْفِ كَيْفَ يُكْتَبُ:
(28) Chapter. How to write the endowment?
27بَابُ الْوَقْفِ لِلْغَنِيِّ وَالْفَقِيرِ وَالضَّيْفِ:
(29) Chapter. The usufruct of an endowment may be spent for the wealthy, the poor and the guests.
28بَابُ وَقْفِ الأَرْضِ لِلْمَسْجِدِ:
(30) Chapter. The foundation of an endowment of a piece of land for building a mosque.
29بَابُ وَقْفِ الدَّوَابِّ وَالْكُرَاعِ وَالْعُرُوضِ وَالصَّامِتِ:
(31) Chapter. Giving animals; particularly horses and property and gold and silver as endowments.
30بَابُ نَفَقَةِ الْقَيِّمِ لِلْوَقْفِ:
(32) Chapter. The salary of the administrator of an endowment.
31بَابُ إِذَا وَقَفَ أَرْضًا أَوْ بِئْرًا وَاشْتَرَطَ لِنَفْسِهِ مِثْلَ دِلاَءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ:
(33) Chapter. If somebody keeps a piece of land or a well as an endowment, or stipulates that he should benefit by its water as the other Muslims do (will this be permissible)?
32بَابُ إِذَا قَالَ الْوَاقِفُ لاَ نَطْلُبُ ثَمَنَهُ إِلاَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ. فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ:
(34) Chapter. It is permissible for the founder of an endowment to say, “We will demand its price, from none but Allah.”
33بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ فَأَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلاَةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لاَ نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَنًا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَلاَ نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الآثِمِينَ فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّا إِثْمًا فَآخَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتُحِقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الأَوْلَيَانِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا أَوْ يَخَافُوا أَنْ تُرَدَّ أَيْمَانٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاسْمَعُوا وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ} :
(35) Chapter. The Statement of Allah: "O you who believe! When death approaches any of you, and you make a bequest, (then take) the testimony of two just men of your own folk or two others from outside... (up to)... Allah guides not the people who are Al-Fasiqun (the rebellious and disobedient)." (V.5:106-108)
34بَابُ قَضَاءِ الْوَصِيِّ دُيُونَ الْمَيِّتِ بِغَيْرِ مَحْضَرٍ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ:
(36) Chapter. The payments of the debts of the deceased by the executor (of the will) in the absence of other inheritors.
