Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
The following issues are understood from this hadith:
➊ Women can perform congregational prayer together with men.
➋ The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) showed great kindness to his noble companions (radi Allahu anhum) and would inquire about their conditions.
➌ This hadith has been used as evidence that children can be brought to the mosque.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) states:
This matter is open to consideration, because the narration mentions the mother being distressed by the child’s crying; it is not necessary that the child be with the mother. Rather, it is possible that the house is adjacent to the mosque and the sound of the child’s crying is reaching from the house to the mosque.
(Fath al-Bari: 2/262)
However, this explanation of Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) is itself open to consideration, because the only houses near the mosque were those of the noble wives (radi Allahu anhunna), who did not have children.
And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary:

That is, the prayer of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in terms of recitation would be light; he would recite short surahs, and the pillars (arkan), such as bowing (ruku‘), prostration (sujud), etc., he would perform fully and properly. Those who wish to follow the Sunnah should lead the prayer in congregation in this same manner.

Hadith Commentary:
In Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s previous chapters, mention was made of shortening the prayer out of consideration for the followers (muqtadis).
In this chapter, he presents such narrations from which it is understood that the prayer may also be shortened out of consideration for people other than the followers, but the non-follower still has some connection to the follower in some way, as is evident in this narration. For although the reason for shortening the prayer is the child’s crying, in reality, it is related to the mother’s compassion; thus, the shortening is actually being done for the sake of the mother.
(Fath al-Bari: 2/262)

Hadith Commentary:
From all these narrations, the compassion of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is evident.
It is also understood that during the era of Prophethood, women used to participate in congregational prayer as well. In Ibn Abi Shaybah, it is mentioned that once the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) recited sixty verses in the first rak‘ah.
Then, upon hearing the sound of a child crying, he was so affected that in the second rak‘ah he recited only three verses and completed the prayer.
(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)

Hadith Commentary:
The clarification that Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has provided at the end of the hadith is intended to establish that Qatadah's hearing (sama‘) from Anas radi Allahu anhu is proven.
With this, the aspect of tadlis (concealment in transmission) is eliminated.
By "Musa" is meant Abu Salamah Musa ibn Isma‘il Taboothaki.
His teacher is Aban ibn Yazid al-‘Attar.

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
WAJDUN:
Grief and sorrow.

Benefits and Issues:
➊ During the prayer, if a situation arises that necessitates shortening the prayer, the imam may shorten it,
➋ provided that the matter is such that it causes the followers, or some of them, to become distracted or inattentive from the prayer.
➌ The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) shortened the prayer due to a child’s crying, because the mother, out of love, would become afflicted with grief and sorrow from hearing her child cry and thus would not be able to focus on the prayer.
➍ By analogy, the scholars have written that it is also permissible to lengthen the standing (qiyam) slightly in order to allow unknown worshippers to join the rak‘ah.

1:
From this hadith, it is understood that in such a situation, or in similar circumstances, the imam should shorten the prayer at the appropriate time, so that the mothers of children do not become distressed by their crying and shouting.

Benefit:

➊ By lengthening or shortening the prayer, what is meant is to lengthen or shorten the recitation (qira’ah). In the other pillars (arkan) of the prayer, some degree of brevity is also possible in their supplications (adhkar).

➋ The imam should take into consideration the conditions of the followers (muqtadis).

➌ Women may come to the mosque and perform the congregational prayer, and they may also bring their small children with them.