Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
In all these ahadith, the mention of coercion (ikrah) is found in various ways; therefore, the Grand Mujtahid has brought them here.
At some point in this world, a Muslim may be faced with a situation of coercion, and nowadays, at every step, such circumstances confront every Muslim.
Therefore, it is necessary for every Muslim to thoughtfully and carefully navigate this delicate situation. And my success is only by Allah.
The Book of Coercion (Kitab al-Ikrah) is concluded.
Now, study the Book of Legal Stratagems (Kitab al-Hiyal) with great attention.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
In the first hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has declared every Muslim to be the brother of another Muslim.
The requirement of this brotherhood is that one should not leave his fellow Muslim at the mercy of others, but rather should step forward himself to help and support him.
This hadith shows that under no circumstances can a Muslim brother—whether close or a stranger—be handed over to the enemy so that he may be killed; rather, it is necessary to save him in every situation, just as it is necessary to save one’s own life. Considering coercion (ikrah) valid in the case of a close relative and thus declaring his sale (transaction) non-binding, while considering coercion invalid in the case of a stranger and thus declaring his sale binding, is against Islamic brotherhood, which is commanded in these ahadith.

➋
Similarly, the second hadith requires that a Muslim should help his brother, whether he is close or not.
If he is an oppressor, he should be stopped from oppression, and if he is oppressed, he should be saved from oppression. Since this hadith commands helping the oppressed, one should assist him in every possible way. Depriving the oppressed of one’s cooperation by distinguishing between close and stranger is injustice.

➌
Allamah Kirmani has written that the examples mentioned by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in these discussions are not in accordance with the style of this book, because these examples are unrelated to the science of hadith.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has answered this in these words: The objection of Allamah Kirmani is extremely strange, because Imam Bukhari rahimahullah did not compile this book merely to collect ahadith, but rather he arranged this book to establish issues and rulings. In fact, this saying has become proverbial among the hadith scholars that the jurisprudence (fiqh) of Imam Bukhari rahimahullah is found in the chapter headings he established. Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, in this regard, follows in the footsteps of his predecessors; their method of selecting issues is the same as that adopted by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah.
(Fath al-Bari: 12/406)

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), this phrase was used to incite tribal partisanship, meaning that one should help one’s family, tribe, and brother in every situation, whether he is an oppressor or oppressed. But the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) completely changed the meaning of this phrase and taught the lesson of love and brotherhood.

(2)
Among the Arabs, the meaning of “nusrah” (help) was to give assistance, but the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) explained its interpretation as helping the oppressor by preventing him from oppression. Because if he is not stopped from oppression, he will continue to advance further in wrongdoing, the result of which will be that one day retribution (qisas) will be taken from him. Therefore, stopping him from oppression is to save him from retribution, and this is his true help.