Bukhari

Chapter of Sahih Bukhari Hadith Number: 6653: «بَابُ لاَ يَقُولُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ. وَهَلْ يَقُولُ أَنَا بِاللَّهِ ثُمَّ بِكَ؟»
Relationship between the chapter heading and the hadith:
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has quoted the words of «ما شاء الله و شئت» in the chapter heading, even though he did not present any hadith for this part of the chapter heading, and for the second part, he presented the hadith of «أنا بالله ثم بك». That is, it is difficult for the chapter heading to be in complete conformity with the hadith.
Allamah Muhallab rahimahullah, aligning with the first part of the chapter heading, writes:
«إنما أراد البخاري أن قوله: ”ما شاء الله ثم شئت“ جائز مستدلًا بقوله: أنا بالله ثم بك.» (2)
“In reality, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s intent is to move from «ما شاء الله ثم شنت» to what is permissible, and he deduces from the words «أنا بالله ثم بك» mentioned in the hadith under the chapter.”
That is, if someone says, ‘Whatever you wished and Allah wished, that is what happened,’ then this is forbidden. But if someone says, ‘Whatever Allah wished, then you wished,’ then it is correct, because will (mashiyyah) belongs only to Allah Ta’ala; everyone’s intentions are bound under His will. The first part of the chapter heading is also related to a marfu’ hadith, but since that hadith did not meet Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s criteria, he could not mention it. Imam Bayhaqi rahimahullah has mentioned this hadith in Kitab al-Asma’ wa al-Sifat:
«جاء رجل إلى النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم يكلمه فى بعض الأمر، فقال الرجل لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ما شاء الله و شئت، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم اجعلتني لله عدلًا، بل ما شاء الله وحده.» (1)
“A man came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and began to speak about certain matters, then he said to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, ‘Whatever Allah and you wished, that is what happened.’ The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ‘Have you made me a partner with Allah? Rather, say: Whatever Allah alone wished, that is what happened.’”
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah alluded to this hadith, and in another hadith of similar meaning, the words are as follows:
«لا تقولوا ما شاء الله و شاء فلان، و لكن قولوا ما شاء الله ثم شاء فلان.» (2)
“Do not say: Whatever Allah and so-and-so wished, but say: Whatever (alone) Allah wished, then so-and-so wished.”
The meaning of the words mentioned in the above hadith is in accordance with the hadith of Sahih Bukhari. Therefore, the conformity will now be from this aspect, that saying «ما شاء الله و شئت» is forbidden. Its clarification is present in the hadith of ‘Kitab al-Asma’ wa al-Sifat’, but since it was not according to Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s criteria, he did not mention it under the chapter, and as for the words present in the text of the Sahih Bukhari hadith: «فلا بلاغ لي إلا بالله ثم بك», their connection to the chapter heading is evident.
Imam Ibn Battal rahimahullah writes in his commentary: A Jew came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and said:
«انكم تشركون، و انكم تجعلون لله ندًا، تقولون: و الكعبة، و تقولون ما شاء الله و شئت، فأمرهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أرادوا أن يحلفوا أن يقولوا: ”و رب الكعبة“ و أمرهم أن يقولوا: ما شاء الله ثم شئت.» (3)
“Indeed, your ummah commits shirk; you people associate partners with Allah Ta’ala and say: ‘By the Ka’bah,’ and say: ‘Whatever Allah wished and you wished (that is what happens).’ So the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam commanded the people that ‘When you intend to swear an oath, say: By the Lord of the Ka’bah.’ And he also commanded them to say: ‘Whatever Allah wished, then you wished.’”
After quoting this hadith, he further writes:
«و هذا الحديث رأي البخاري، و لم يكن من شرطه، فترجم به، و استنبط معناه من حديث أبى هريرة.» (1)
“This hadith was known to Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, but he could not present it because it was not according to his criteria. Therefore, he established a chapter for this hadith and deduced from the hadith of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu.”

Hadith Commentary:
Imam Bukhari did not bring any hadith for the first point, even though there are explicit hadiths reported in this chapter, because they may not have met his conditions. He narrated the hadith.
It is found in Ibn Majah and others that one should not say, "Whatever Allah wills and you will," but rather say, "Whatever Allah alone wills, that will happen."
The meaning of the second part of the chapter is derived from the last sentence of the hadith.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The incident of the three men from the Children of Israel—the leper, the bald man, and the blind man—is well-known and has been narrated in detail by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah at another place.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Ahadith al-Anbiya, Hadith: 3464)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah did not give any definitive ruling regarding the permissibility or impermissibility of this second aspect, because in the hadith it is the statement of an angel, which was said as a test. Therefore, there is room for possibility in this, and when there is a possibility of another aspect, it is prohibited to use it as evidence. However, Imam Muhallab has explained the intent of Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in these words:
According to Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, saying "ma sha Allah thumma ma shi'ta" is permissible, and as evidence he has presented the aforementioned hadith in which "ana billah thumma bika" is used, because in it the word "thumma" is used, which means that the will of Allah Ta'ala is given precedence over the will of the servants.
Since there was no explicit hadith on this matter according to his conditions, he deduced its permissibility from a sahih hadith that met his criteria.
(Fath al-Bari: 11/658)
(2)
Similarly, "a'udhu billah wa bika" is not permissible because the use of "wa" (and) necessitates association, whereas "a'udhu billah thumma bika" is permissible because "thumma" does not necessitate association; rather, this word implies sequence.
('Umdat al-Qari: 15/702)
(3)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has presented the aforementioned hadith under this chapter heading for the following reasons:
➊ This hadith is narrated from Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu in these words:
"When any of you swears an oath, he should not say: 'ma sha Allah wa shi'ta,' but rather he should say: 'ma sha Allah thumma shi'ta.'"
(Sunan Ibn Majah, al-Kaffarat, Hadith: 2117)
➋ From "ana billah thumma bika," the permissibility of swearing by other than Allah can be inferred.
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has pointed out that apart from oaths, this manner is permissible, but when taking an oath, this style is not correct because there is an explicit prohibition regarding it.
(Fath al-Bari: 11/659)