Bukhari

Chapter of Sahih Bukhari Hadith Number: 6139: «بَابُ صُنْعِ الطَّعَامِ وَالتَّكَلُّفِ لِلضَّيْفِ:»
Relevance between the Chapter and the Hadith:
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established a chapter which consists of two parts: the first part is «صنع الطعام»—preparing food for the guest—and the second part is «والتكلف»—that is, preparing elaborate (luxurious) food. The relevance with the first part is clear, while the relevance with the second part is difficult.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah, while explaining the relevance between the chapter heading and the hadith, writes:
«و وقع فى التكلف للضيف حديث سلمان ”نهانا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن نتكلف للضيف“ أخرجه أحمد و الحاكم، و فيه قصة سلمان مع ضيفه حيث طلب منه ما قدم له فرهن مطهرته بسبب ذالك، ثم قال الرجل لما فرغ الحمد لله الذى قنعنا بما رزقنا، فقال له سلمان: لو قنعت ما كانت مطهر فى مرهونة.» (1)
“Showing formality (takalluf) for the guest: In the hadith of Sayyiduna Salman radi Allahu anhu, it is mentioned that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade us from being formal (takalluf) for the guest. Ahmad and Hakim have narrated it. In it, there is also the story of a guest of Sayyiduna Salman radi Allahu anhu who requested elaborate food from him, and for that, he had to pawn his ‘mutahhara’ (a vessel, ewer, washbasin, jug, etc. [القاموس الوافي، ص: 1049]). After the matter was settled, the guest said: «الحمد لله الذى قنعنا بما رزقنا» (i.e., all praise is due to Allah who granted us the ability to be content). Sayyiduna Salman radi Allahu anhu, upon hearing this, said: ‘If you were truly content, I would not have had to pawn my mutahhara.’”
From these excerpts of Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah, the aspect of relevance becomes clear in this way: Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, for the relevance of the second part of the chapter heading, has alluded to another hadith of Sayyiduna Salman radi Allahu anhu in which being formal (takalluf) is prohibited. Furthermore, he rahimahullah has also clarified that in the case of ability, formality and making arrangements is permissible, but in the case of inability, formality is not correct; the hadith that prohibits it is to be understood as applying to the case of inability.
As for the hadith under the chapter, the commentators have also provided its relevance. The author of Lam‘ al-Dirari writes:
«و لعله قصد إثبات الجزء الثاني بقوله: كل فاني صائم، فانهم لما كانت عادتهم الصوم و التبذل، و الظاهر أنهم لم يكونوا يصنعون طعامًا بالنهار و كانوا يكتفون بطعام الليل، فكان صنع الطعام الجديد له تكلف.» (1)
“That is, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah wants to establish the second part of the chapter heading from the incident of «كل فاني صائم» mentioned in the hadith. The practice of Sayyiduna Abu Darda radi Allahu anhu and his family was to fast, so it is apparent that they would not prepare food during the day, but would only arrange food at night. Therefore, on this occasion, their arranging food during the day was a formality (takalluf) for the guest. In this way, the second part of the chapter heading «والتكلف للضيف» is established from this, and it is also possible that the second part of the chapter heading is established from the word «مأكل» in the hadith, that Sayyiduna Abu Darda radi Allahu anhu had the habit of fasting, but he broke his fast for the sake of the guest; this breaking of the fast was a formality (takalluf) for the guest.”

Hadith Commentary:
The poor woman was sitting in a disheveled and untidy state. When Salman (rahimahullah) inquired, she had to say that since her husband does not even speak to her, what is the point of adorning and beautifying herself?
Eventually, due to Salman's (rahimahullah) advice, Abu Darda (radi Allahu anhu) changed his behavior.
In the narration, there is mention of food being prepared for Salman (rahimahullah), and this is the point of relevance to the chapter.

Hadith Commentary:
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah established a chapter in the Book of Foods (Kitab al-At‘imah) with these words:
(Bab al-rajul yatakallafu al-ta‘am li-ikhwanihi)
“Chapter: A man prepares elaborate food for his brothers.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Foods, Chapter: 34)
There too, this issue was discussed that a person should prepare elaborate food for his guest.

In this hadith, it is mentioned that Abu Darda’ radi Allahu anhu prepared food himself for Salman radi Allahu anhu so that there would be no shortcoming in his hospitality, because preparing elaborate food for guests is the way of the Prophets (anbiya’ alayhim as-salam). For instance, Ibrahim alayhis-salam slaughtered a fat calf for his guests, then himself roasted it and presented it to them, as is explicitly stated in the Noble Qur’an. However, this elaborateness should be according to one’s means.

There is a prohibition against being elaborate beyond one’s capacity, as in one narration Salman radi Allahu anhu said to his guests:
“If it were not that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade being elaborate for the guest, I would certainly have been elaborate for you.”
(Musnad Ahmad: 5/441)

In any case, one should fulfill the duty of hospitality while remaining within moderation.