Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
Some of the early poets have spoken the truth:
و أشربھا و أزعمھا حراما و أرجو عفو ربي ذي امتنان
That is, “I drink wine and consider it forbidden, yet I hope for the pardon of my Lord, the Most Gracious.”
و یشربھا و یزعمھا حلالا و تلك علی المسمیٰ خطیئتان
And as for the drinker who consumes it and considers it lawful, then for such a sinner, it is a double sin.
In any case, it is forbidden; to consider it lawful is disbelief (kufr).
Badhq (باذق) is the Arabized form of the word for that wine which is made by extracting the juice of grapes and boiling it—that is, boiling it a little so that it remains thin and clear.
If it is boiled to the extent that half of it evaporates, it is called “munsaf” (منصف), and if two-thirds evaporate, it is called “muthallath” (مثلث).
It is also called “tila’” (طلاء), because it becomes thick like the ointment applied to camels with mange.
Drinking munsaf is permissible; however, if it causes intoxication, then by consensus it is forbidden.

Hadith Commentary:
When intoxication develops in something, merely changing its name will not make what is unlawful (haram) lawful (halal); however, if something is lawful and pure (halal wa tayyib), then boiling it over fire does not make it unlawful unless intoxication develops in it.

In one narration, Abu Juwayriyah said to Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu:
We squeeze grapes and drink its juice, which is sweet.
He replied:
As long as its sweetness remains, meaning it has not turned sour, it may be drunk.

In a mawquf narration, it is stated:
"Fire does not make anything lawful or unlawful."
(Sunan an-Nasa’i, al-Ashribah, Hadith: 5732)

The real criterion is whether it is intoxicating.
(Fath al-Bari: 10/84)

Benefits and Issues:
➊
It is said that the effect of an intoxicating substance remains in the body for forty days.

➋
Giving an intoxicating substance to ignorant children or to those who are unaware is a severe social and moral crime, by which the one who gives it ruins his own Hereafter.

This and the forthcoming narrations have been presented to show that Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhuma) considered every intoxicating drink to be forbidden, whether it was khamr (wine) or anything else.

Urdu marginal note:
The Hanafi opinion is that wine (khamr), whether in small or large quantity, is prohibited, but other intoxicating drinks may be consumed in small amounts, provided they do not reach the level of intoxication. This hadith refutes their view. According to the Hanafis, what is defined as khamr? This discussion has already passed earlier.

Benefit:
Badhq refers to that wine which is made from the juice of pressed grapes. With slight boiling, it does not become intoxicating; when it is thoroughly cooked over fire, then it becomes intoxicating. Wine, regardless of what it is made from, is forbidden. The cause (‘illah) of wine’s prohibition is intoxication (nashah); whatever contains this cause is considered wine and is forbidden. Here, a warning is intended: Allah Ta‘ala has created man intelligent and wise—how unfortunate is that person who renders himself senseless with wine and similar substances.