صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الطلاقThe Book of Divorce
بَابُ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتِ الْمُشْرِكَةُ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ تَحْتَ الذِّمِّيِّ أَوِ الْحَرْبِيِّ:Chapter. (What) if an idolatress (Al-Mushrikah) or a Christian woman becomes a Muslim while she is the wife of a Dhimmi (i.e., a non-Muslim under the protection of a Muslim government), or Mushrik at war with the Muslims?
Hadith 5288
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ : عَنْ خَالِدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، " إِذَا أَسْلَمَتِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ قَبْلَ زَوْجِهَا بِسَاعَةٍ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ ".
And Abdul Warith bin Sa’eed narrated, from him Khalid Hadhdha narrated, from him Ikrimah narrated, and from him Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that if a Christian woman accepts Islam a little before her husband, then she becomes unlawful for her husband. And Dawood narrated that from him Ibrahim al-Saigh narrated that Ata was asked about a woman who belonged to the people under protection (dhimmi) and accepted Islam, then after that her husband also accepted Islam during her waiting period (‘iddah), so is she considered his wife? He replied: No, but if he wishes to marry her anew, with a new dowry, (then he may do so). Mujahid said: (After the wife accepts Islam), if the husband accepts Islam during her waiting period, then he should marry her. And Allah the Exalted said «لا هن حل لهم ولا هم يحلون لهن»: “Believing women are not lawful for polytheist men, nor are polytheist men lawful for believing women.” And Hasan and Qatadah said about two Magians (Zoroastrians) who were husband and wife and accepted Islam, that both remain upon their marriage, but if one of them precedes the other in accepting Islam and the other refuses, then the woman is separated from her husband and the husband cannot have her (except through a new marriage). And Ibn Jurayj said: I asked Ata, if a woman from the polytheists comes to the Muslims (after accepting Islam), should her polytheist husband be given back her dowry? Because Allah the Exalted said «وأتوهم ما أنفقوا»: “And return to them what they have spent.” Ata replied: No, this was only between the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the treaty polytheists. And Mujahid said: All this was due to the mutual treaty between the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Quraysh.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَتْ : " كَانَتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ إِذَا هَاجَرْنَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمْتَحِنُهُنَّ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ سورة الممتحنة آية 10 إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَمَنْ أَقَرَّ بِهَذَا الشَّرْطِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ بِالْمِحْنَةِ ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَقْرَرْنَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِنَّ ، قَالَ لَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : انْطَلِقْنَ فَقَدْ بَايَعْتُكُنَّ ، لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا مَسَّتْ يَدُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدَ امْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ بَايَعَهُنَّ بِالْكَلَامِ ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ : يَقُولُ لَهُنَّ : إِذَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَدْ بَايَعْتُكُنَّ كَلَامًا " .
Narrated `Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) When believing women came to the Prophet as emigrants, he used to test them in accordance with the order of Allah. 'O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them . . .' (60.10) So if anyone of those believing women accepted the above mentioned conditions, she accepted the conditions of faith. When they agreed on those conditions and confessed that with their tongues, Allah's Apostle would say to them, "Go, I have accepted your oath of allegiance (for Islam). By Allah, and hand of Allah's Apostle never touched the hand of any woman, but he only used to take their pledge of allegiance orally. By Allah, Allah's Apostle did not take the pledge of allegiance of the women except in accordance with what Allah had ordered him. When he accepted their pledge of allegiance he would say to them, "I have accepted your oath of allegiance."
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The true state of hearts is known only to Allah; however, it was deemed necessary to conduct an outward examination of the women who migrated, to ascertain whether they were truly Muslim and had left their homes solely for the sake of Islam, and not due to any worldly or personal motive. Was it not the case that they had migrated out of anger towards their husbands, or due to domestic issues and household disputes, or merely for travel and sightseeing, or for some other purpose unrelated to Islam?
(2)
Since the addressees of this command are the believing men, not the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) selected Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) for this purpose, and he would examine the women who arrived in Madinah Tayyibah.
After this examination, those emigrant women—and indeed, all Muslim women—were commanded to pledge allegiance (bay‘ah), and this pledge was taken by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself, because the verse regarding bay‘ah addresses him directly. The sins from which the pledge was taken to abstain were all major sins (kabirah), and at that time, these were commonly practiced in Arabia. The details of this pledge are mentioned in Surah al-Mumtahanah, verse 12 ().
And Allah knows best.
(1)
The true state of hearts is known only to Allah; however, it was deemed necessary to conduct an outward examination of the women who migrated, to ascertain whether they were truly Muslim and had left their homes solely for the sake of Islam, and not due to any worldly or personal motive. Was it not the case that they had migrated out of anger towards their husbands, or due to domestic issues and household disputes, or merely for travel and sightseeing, or for some other purpose unrelated to Islam?
(2)
Since the addressees of this command are the believing men, not the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) selected Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) for this purpose, and he would examine the women who arrived in Madinah Tayyibah.
After this examination, those emigrant women—and indeed, all Muslim women—were commanded to pledge allegiance (bay‘ah), and this pledge was taken by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself, because the verse regarding bay‘ah addresses him directly. The sins from which the pledge was taken to abstain were all major sins (kabirah), and at that time, these were commonly practiced in Arabia. The details of this pledge are mentioned in Surah al-Mumtahanah, verse 12 ().
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 5288
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Or it refers to your wife.
By all of these, what is meant is women who are not mahram.
Even in the pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah), you did not touch their hands.
In the narration of al-Nasa’i and al-Tabarani, it is stated as follows:
Umaymah bint Ruqayqah came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) along with several women and requested to shake hands.
He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: I do not shake hands with women.
Or it refers to your wife.
By all of these, what is meant is women who are not mahram.
Even in the pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah), you did not touch their hands.
In the narration of al-Nasa’i and al-Tabarani, it is stated as follows:
Umaymah bint Ruqayqah came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) along with several women and requested to shake hands.
He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: I do not shake hands with women.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 7214
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: After the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, when the way was opened for Muslim women to migrate from Makkah to Madinah, because they were not included in the agreement of return, or Allah, the Exalted, commanded that they be exempted, and the disbelievers also did not object to this, then Allah, the Exalted, commanded His Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to examine their faith: whether they had truly migrated solely for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, or whether the background was hatred for their husbands, love for someone else, or worldly greed. If they were firm and steadfast in faith, and the migration was solely for Allah and His Messenger, then he would accept their pledge (bay‘ah), and the conditions of the pledge were also stated. Any woman who acknowledged these conditions would be considered successful in the test, and he would take the pledge from her verbally, without taking her hand in his, and would order her to go. If the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not shake hands with non-mahram women, then how can the followers be permitted to do so?
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 4835
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The complete words of the verse mentioned in the hadith are as follows:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴾
“O Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! When believing women come to you to pledge allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor will they steal, nor will they commit adultery, nor will they kill their children, nor will they bring any slander which they have invented between their hands and feet, nor will they disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge and ask Allah to forgive them. Indeed, Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
➌
You would also take this pledge from women that they would not engage in wailing and the like.
In the narration of Sunan Abu Dawud, a female companion (radi Allahu anha) said:
Among the good deeds regarding which we were made to promise that we would not disobey the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was also included that we would not scratch our faces (causing injury), nor wail (nor lament), nor tear our collars, nor dishevel our hair. (Sunan Abu Dawud, Book of Funerals, Chapter on Wailing, Hadith: 313)
➊
The complete words of the verse mentioned in the hadith are as follows:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴾
“O Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! When believing women come to you to pledge allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor will they steal, nor will they commit adultery, nor will they kill their children, nor will they bring any slander which they have invented between their hands and feet, nor will they disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge and ask Allah to forgive them. Indeed, Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
➌
You would also take this pledge from women that they would not engage in wailing and the like.
In the narration of Sunan Abu Dawud, a female companion (radi Allahu anha) said:
Among the good deeds regarding which we were made to promise that we would not disobey the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was also included that we would not scratch our faces (causing injury), nor wail (nor lament), nor tear our collars, nor dishevel our hair. (Sunan Abu Dawud, Book of Funerals, Chapter on Wailing, Hadith: 313)
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2875
