صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الطلاقThe Book of Divorce
بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَلاَ تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ} :Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “Do not marry Al-Mushrikat (idolatresses) till they believe (i.e., worship Allah Alone). And indeed a slave woman who believes is better than a (free) Mushrikah (idolatress) even though she pleases you." (V.2:221)
Hadith 5285
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ، وَالْيَهُودِيَّةِ قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مِنَ الْإِشْرَاكِ شَيْئًا أَكْبَرَ مِنْ أَنْ تَقُولَ الْمَرْأَةُ : رَبُّهَا عِيسَى وَهُوَ عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ " .
Narrated Nafi`: Whenever Ibn `Umar was asked about marrying a Christian lady or a Jewess, he would say: "Allah has made it unlawful for the believers to marry ladies who ascribe partners in worship to Allah, and I do not know of a greater thing, as regards to ascribing partners in worship, etc. to Allah, than that a lady should say that Jesus is her Lord although he is just one of Allah's slaves."
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
This was specifically the opinion of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma.
Other predecessors (salaf) have disagreed with him.
Perhaps Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma considered this verse from Surah al-Ma'idah: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ﴾ ( ) to be abrogated.
Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said that this verse from Surah al-Baqarah: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ﴾ ( ) is abrogated by the verse from Surah al-Ma'idah, and no one except Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma held the view that marriage to a Jewish or Christian woman is impermissible. It also appears that Imam Bukhari rahimahullah inclined towards the opinion of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma.
Ata said that marriage to a Jewish or Christian woman is valid, and it is established from many Companions (sahabah) that they married women from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab).
This was specifically the opinion of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma.
Other predecessors (salaf) have disagreed with him.
Perhaps Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma considered this verse from Surah al-Ma'idah: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ﴾ ( ) to be abrogated.
Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said that this verse from Surah al-Baqarah: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ﴾ ( ) is abrogated by the verse from Surah al-Ma'idah, and no one except Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma held the view that marriage to a Jewish or Christian woman is impermissible. It also appears that Imam Bukhari rahimahullah inclined towards the opinion of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma.
Ata said that marriage to a Jewish or Christian woman is valid, and it is established from many Companions (sahabah) that they married women from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab).
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 5285
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
This is the individual opinion of Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma; other Companions did not agree with it. According to Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, the aforementioned verse of Surah al-Baqarah is abrogated by the following verse of Surah al-Ma'idah:
"And chaste believing women and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you are lawful [for you]." (al-Ma'idah: 5/5)
Umar radi Allahu anhu also used to advise against marrying them, but he did not declare it unlawful.
(2)
Perhaps Imam Bukhari rahimahullah also inclined to the view that it is not permissible to marry women from the People of the Book who are polytheists, even though it is established from many of the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum that they married women from the People of the Book.
It is possible that Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma wanted to admonish the Muslims for marrying such women whose chastity is tainted by polytheism.
In such circumstances, how can harmony be established between husband and wife, and how can love and affection arise between them?
The statement of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma is not a fatwa, but rather advice to avoid such situations, as unity and harmony will not be established between such spouses, which is among the important objectives of marriage.
This interpretation is necessary so that none of the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum are attributed with an anomalous (shadh) opinion.
And Allah knows best.
(1)
This is the individual opinion of Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma; other Companions did not agree with it. According to Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, the aforementioned verse of Surah al-Baqarah is abrogated by the following verse of Surah al-Ma'idah:
"And chaste believing women and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you are lawful [for you]." (al-Ma'idah: 5/5)
Umar radi Allahu anhu also used to advise against marrying them, but he did not declare it unlawful.
(2)
Perhaps Imam Bukhari rahimahullah also inclined to the view that it is not permissible to marry women from the People of the Book who are polytheists, even though it is established from many of the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum that they married women from the People of the Book.
It is possible that Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma wanted to admonish the Muslims for marrying such women whose chastity is tainted by polytheism.
In such circumstances, how can harmony be established between husband and wife, and how can love and affection arise between them?
The statement of Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma is not a fatwa, but rather advice to avoid such situations, as unity and harmony will not be established between such spouses, which is among the important objectives of marriage.
This interpretation is necessary so that none of the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum are attributed with an anomalous (shadh) opinion.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 5285
