صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب فضائل القرآنThe Book of The Virtues of The Quran
بَابُ جَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ:Chapter. The collection of the Quran.
Hadith 4986
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ السَّبَّاقِ ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَقْتَلَ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ ، فَإِذَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عِنْدَهُ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ أَتَانِي ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ الْقَتْلَ قَدِ اسْتَحَرَّ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ بِقُرَّاءِ الْقُرْآنِ ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَسْتَحِرَّ الْقَتْلُ بِالْقُرَّاءِ بِالْمَوَاطِنِ فَيَذْهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ، وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَأْمُرَ بِجَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ . قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ : كَيْفَ تَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ عُمَرُ : هَذَا وَاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُرَاجِعُنِي حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرِي لِذَلِكَ وَرَأَيْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ الَّذِي رَأَى عُمَرُ " ، قَالَ زَيْدٌ : قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : إِنَّكَ رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ عَاقِلٌ لَا نَتَّهِمُكَ وَقَدْ كُنْتَ تَكْتُبُ الْوَحْيَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَتَتَبَّعَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاجْمَعْهُ ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَلَّفُونِي نَقْلَ جَبَلٍ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ مَا كَانَ أَثْقَلَ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ مِنْ جَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ ، قُلْتُ : كَيْفَ تَفْعَلُونَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ قَالَ : هُوَ وَاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُرَاجِعُنِي حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرِي لِلَّذِي شَرَحَ لَهُ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، فَتَتَبَّعْتُ الْقُرْآنَ أَجْمَعُهُ مِنَ الْعُسُبِ وَاللِّخَافِ وَصُدُورِ الرِّجَالِ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ آخِرَ سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ مَعَ أَبِي خُزَيْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، لَمْ أَجِدْهَا مَعَ أَحَدٍ غَيْرِهُ لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ سورة التوبة آية 128 حَتَّى خَاتِمَةِ بَرَاءَةَ فَكَانَتِ الصُّحُفُ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ ، ثُمَّ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ حَيَاتَهُ ، ثُمَّ عِنْدَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ .
Narrated Zaid bin Thabit: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent for me when the people! of Yamama had been killed (i.e., a number of the Prophet's Companions who fought against Musailama). (I went to him) and found `Umar bin Al- Khattab sitting with him. Abu Bakr then said (to me), "`Umar has come to me and said: "Casualties were heavy among the Qurra' of the! Qur'an (i.e. those who knew the Qur'an by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yalmama, and I am afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra' on other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost. Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected." I said to `Umar, "How can you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" `Umar said, "By Allah, that is a good project. "`Umar kept on urging me to accept his proposal till Allah opened my chest for it and I began to realize the good in the idea which `Umar had realized." Then Abu Bakr said (to me). 'You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle. So you should search for (the fragmentary scripts of) the Qur'an and collect it in one book)." By Allah If they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur'an. Then I said to Abu Bakr, "How will you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, it is a good project." Abu Bakr kept on urging me to accept his idea until Allah opened my chest for what He had opened the chests of Abu Bakr and `Umar. So I started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on) palmed stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by heart, till I found the last Verse of Surat at-Tauba (Repentance) with Abi Khuza`ima Al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him. The Verse is: 'Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty..(till the end of Surat-Baraa' (at-Tauba) (9.128-129) Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur'an remained with Abu Bakr till he died, then with `Umar till the end of his life, and then with Hafsa, the daughter of `Umar.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
During the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the Qur’an was written on separate, scattered parchments, sheets, and bones. However, the entire Qur’an was not collected in one place, in a single codex (mushaf). During the caliphate of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu, it was gathered in one place, and during the caliphate of Uthman radi Allahu anhu, its copies were compiled and sent to all regions. In short, the entire Qur’an, in written form, was present even during the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. However, it was scattered and separate—one person had one portion, another had a different portion, and there was no particular order among the surahs. This arrangement was established during the caliphate of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu.
From this narration, it is also derived that the Companions were extremely cautious of innovation (bid‘ah), and they considered any action that was not done during the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to be blameworthy. The action taken by Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, then Umar, and then Uthman radi Allahu anhum—of compiling the entire Qur’an in one place—was necessary. Otherwise, severe differences would have arisen in the Qur’an, just as occurred with previous scriptures.
Bid‘ah (innovation) is any action for which there is no evidence from the first three generations (the salaf), such as the practices people do nowadays: the third-day, the recitation gatherings (fatiha), the fortieth-day commemorations (chehlum), holding fairs at graves, celebrating anniversaries (‘urs), and making votive offerings (nazr) at graves. All these matters fall under evil innovations (bid‘at sayyi’ah). May Allah Ta‘ala protect every Muslim from innovation and grant the ability to follow the path of the Sunnah. Ameen.
A detailed article regarding the compilation of the Noble Qur’an can be found at the end of this section.
During the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the Qur’an was written on separate, scattered parchments, sheets, and bones. However, the entire Qur’an was not collected in one place, in a single codex (mushaf). During the caliphate of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu anhu, it was gathered in one place, and during the caliphate of Uthman radi Allahu anhu, its copies were compiled and sent to all regions. In short, the entire Qur’an, in written form, was present even during the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. However, it was scattered and separate—one person had one portion, another had a different portion, and there was no particular order among the surahs. This arrangement was established during the caliphate of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu.
From this narration, it is also derived that the Companions were extremely cautious of innovation (bid‘ah), and they considered any action that was not done during the time of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to be blameworthy. The action taken by Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, then Umar, and then Uthman radi Allahu anhum—of compiling the entire Qur’an in one place—was necessary. Otherwise, severe differences would have arisen in the Qur’an, just as occurred with previous scriptures.
Bid‘ah (innovation) is any action for which there is no evidence from the first three generations (the salaf), such as the practices people do nowadays: the third-day, the recitation gatherings (fatiha), the fortieth-day commemorations (chehlum), holding fairs at graves, celebrating anniversaries (‘urs), and making votive offerings (nazr) at graves. All these matters fall under evil innovations (bid‘at sayyi’ah). May Allah Ta‘ala protect every Muslim from innovation and grant the ability to follow the path of the Sunnah. Ameen.
A detailed article regarding the compilation of the Noble Qur’an can be found at the end of this section.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4986
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
After the passing of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), Musaylimah the Liar claimed prophethood, so Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) sent an army to Yamamah to suppress him.
Most of those martyred in this campaign were memorizers of the Qur’an (huffaz), to the extent that Salim, the freed slave of Hudhayfah (radi Allahu anhu), who was a great reciter of the Qur’an, was also martyred in this battle.
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) thought that perhaps, due to the martyrdom of these reciters, some part of the Qur’an might be lost, so he suggested to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) that the Noble Qur’an should be compiled in one place.
Although, during the blessed era of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the complete Qur’an existed in written form, albeit scattered on bones, parchments, and palm branches, the entire Qur’an had not been compiled in a single manuscript in one place.
Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) was the scribe of revelation for the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), so the responsibility of compiling the Noble Qur’an was entrusted to him.
He himself was also a memorizer of the Qur’an (hafiz).
He undertook this responsibility with great caution.
2.
He based the compilation of the Qur’an on two things:
➊ That it had been written during the blessed era of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➋ That it was preserved in the hearts of the memorizers (huffaz).
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) assisted him in this matter, so Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) said to Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and Zayd (radi Allahu anhu):
“Sit at the door of the mosque, and whoever brings you two witnesses regarding any Qur’anic verse, write it down.”
By two witnesses is meant memorization and writing, or it refers to two witnesses who testify that this written verse was written in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
In any case, Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) compiled the Noble Qur’an with day and night effort, and then handed over these manuscripts to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
...
May Allah be pleased with them all (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in).
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...
1.
After the passing of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), Musaylimah the Liar claimed prophethood, so Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) sent an army to Yamamah to suppress him.
Most of those martyred in this campaign were memorizers of the Qur’an (huffaz), to the extent that Salim, the freed slave of Hudhayfah (radi Allahu anhu), who was a great reciter of the Qur’an, was also martyred in this battle.
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) thought that perhaps, due to the martyrdom of these reciters, some part of the Qur’an might be lost, so he suggested to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) that the Noble Qur’an should be compiled in one place.
Although, during the blessed era of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), the complete Qur’an existed in written form, albeit scattered on bones, parchments, and palm branches, the entire Qur’an had not been compiled in a single manuscript in one place.
Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) was the scribe of revelation for the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), so the responsibility of compiling the Noble Qur’an was entrusted to him.
He himself was also a memorizer of the Qur’an (hafiz).
He undertook this responsibility with great caution.
2.
He based the compilation of the Qur’an on two things:
➊ That it had been written during the blessed era of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➋ That it was preserved in the hearts of the memorizers (huffaz).
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) assisted him in this matter, so Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) said to Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and Zayd (radi Allahu anhu):
“Sit at the door of the mosque, and whoever brings you two witnesses regarding any Qur’anic verse, write it down.”
By two witnesses is meant memorization and writing, or it refers to two witnesses who testify that this written verse was written in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
In any case, Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) compiled the Noble Qur’an with day and night effort, and then handed over these manuscripts to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
...
May Allah be pleased with them all (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in).
...
...
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4986
