Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
➊
In one narration, it is mentioned that we were engaged in prayer with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) when a trade caravan arrived from the region of Syria.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Buyu', Hadith: 2058)
In another narration, it is stated that Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) and Umar (radi Allahu anhu) were among those twelve men who remained occupied in listening to your sermon.
(Jami' al-Tirmidhi, Tafsir al-Qur'an, Hadith: 3311)
According to another narration, Jabir (radi Allahu anhu) also remained among those who listened to the sermon.
(Sahih Muslim, al-Jumu'ah, Hadith: 1999.
(863)
➋
In these verses, Muslims are reproached for the fact that those caravan people were not your providers that you abandoned the sermon and ran after them.
The One who provides the means of sustenance is Allah, so in the future you should avoid such actions.
➌
From these verses, it is also understood that the imam should deliver the sermon while standing. This was the lifelong practice of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Thus, Jabir bin Samurah (radi Allahu anhu) says that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would deliver the sermon standing, then sit down, then stand and deliver the sermon again. Whoever tells you that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) delivered the sermon sitting, he has lied.
(Sahih Muslim, al-Jumu'ah, Hadith: 1996.
(862)

Hadith Commentary:
Once, there was a severe shortage of grain in Madinah, when a trading caravan arrived in Madinah bringing grain. Upon hearing this news, some people left during the Friday sermon itself. Upon this, this noble verse was revealed.

The esteemed Imam (rahimahullah) established from this incident that the specific condition which the Hanafis and Shafi‘is stipulate for the validity of Jumu‘ah is not correct; rather, there must only be such a number as can be called a congregation.

Most of the people left the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), yet he still performed the Friday prayer.

Here, an objection arises that the status of the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) is described in the Qur’an itself as:
﴿رِجَال لَا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ الخ﴾ () (al-Nur: 37)
That is, “My servants never neglect My remembrance, becoming heedless due to trade and so on.”

The answer to this is that this incident occurred before the revelation of that verse; afterwards, those individuals refrained from such actions and truly became the embodiment of this verse.

Radi Allahu anhum wa ardahum (Ameen)

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Once, there was a severe shortage of grain in Madinah Munawwarah when a trade caravan arrived from Syria bringing grain. Upon hearing this news, some people left during the very time of the sermon. Regarding this, the mentioned verse of Jumu‘ah was revealed. Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has proven from this incident that the condition set by some jurists for a specific number of people for the validity of Jumu‘ah is not correct. Only such a number is necessary that it can be called a congregation. Thus, most people left the presence of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, but he still performed the Jumu‘ah prayer.

(2)
It should be clear that the people left you during the sermon, because multiple Companions radi Allahu anhum have established from this noble verse that the sermon is to be delivered standing, as is narrated from Ibn Mas‘ud and Ka‘b bin ‘Ujrah radi Allahu anhuma. This clarification is present in the narrations. Here, an objection arises that the Qur’an has described the status of the Companions radi Allahu anhum in these words: they are such people whom neither trade nor sale distracts from the remembrance of Allah and the establishment of prayer. () The answer to this is that the mentioned incident occurred before the revelation of this verse. After that, these individuals refrained from such actions and then truly became the embodiment of the verse. (Fath al-Bari: 2/547)

(3)
Only twelve men remained with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, among whom were Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, and also Jabir, Salim the freed slave of Ibn Hudhayfah, Bilal, ‘Abdullah bin Mas‘ud, and some Ansari men—radi Allahu anhum. In some narrations, the names of the ten who were given glad tidings of Paradise (al-‘Asharah al-Mubashsharah) are mentioned. (Fath al-Bari: 2/546) And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary:
What happened was that at that time there was a famine of grain in Madinah.
People were very hungry and distressed.
When a caravan of grain arrived from Syria, people, unable to restrain themselves, went off to see it; only twelve Companions—namely, the ten promised Paradise (asharah mubashsharah), Bilal, and Ibn Mas‘ud (radi Allahu anhum)—remained with the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) were not infallible; they were human.
They made this mistake, for which Allah, the Exalted, reproached them.
Perhaps, until that time, they were not aware that it is prohibited to leave during the sermon.
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) brought this chapter here to show that buying and selling, trade, and business transactions, though excellent and permissible things, must be abandoned when they interfere with acts of worship.
This is also to convey that any trade which disrupts the remembrance of Allah is not appropriate for a Muslim, because the true purpose of a Muslim’s life is the remembrance of Allah.
All other occupations are temporary,
which are only necessary for the preservation of life; otherwise, the sole purpose is the remembrance of Allah.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In reality, the early period of life in Madinah was extremely distressing for the Muslims from an economic perspective as well. In addition to the resettlement of the Muhajirun (emigrants), the disbelievers of Makkah had also imposed an economic blockade on the people of Madinah. Because of this, grain was scarce and prices were very high. During these days, once while the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was delivering the Friday sermon, a trade caravan carrying grain and foodstuffs arrived in Madinah from Syria. They announced their arrival by beating drums. The Muslims listening to the sermon, thinking that if they delayed, all the grain would be sold, left the sermon and went towards the caravan. Then the aforementioned verse was revealed. In this noble verse, a gentle reproach was made, stating that the caravan people were not your providers; it is Allah, the Exalted, who provides the means of sustenance. Therefore, you should avoid such actions in the future. Since the one who waits for the prayer is considered as if he is in prayer, in the hadith, those who listened to the sermon are referred to as those who performed the prayer.

(2)
The purpose of Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) is that although trade is a good thing because it is related to earning lawful (halal) sustenance, sometimes it can also become blameworthy when it is given precedence over something more important and necessary. What should have happened is that the people remained with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) until the end of the prayer, but they left this important and necessary matter and went towards trade; therefore, this trade became a cause of reproach for them. The translation of the entire verse is as follows:
“And when they saw a transaction or a diversion, they rushed to it and left you standing. Say: What is with Allah is better than diversion and than a transaction, and Allah is the best of providers.” (Al-Jumu‘ah: 11: 62)

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The aforementioned chapter heading and the presented hadith have already been mentioned previously.
(Chapter: 6, Hadith: 2058)
Similarly, the noble verse and the statement of Qatadah (rahimahullah) have also been discussed earlier.
(2)
Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) has considered this to be a slip of the pen.
The contextual evidence confirms that this chapter heading and hadith are repeated.
(Fath al-Bari: 4/380)
And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues:
In these hadiths, an incident from the early period is described, when there was a shortage of grain in Madinah. Suddenly, during Jumu‘ah (Friday prayer), a caravan carrying grain arrived. Due to necessity, the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in) went to purchase grain, fearing that if they delayed, they might be deprived of it.

And from some mursal narrations, it is also understood that up until that time, the sermon (khutbah) of Jumu‘ah used to be delivered after the Jumu‘ah prayer.

Furthermore, the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in) thought that they would quickly finish purchasing the grain and return, so that both tasks would be accomplished.

Upon this, a warning was revealed from Allah Ta‘ala, so for the future, those noble individuals became cautious, and this incident never occurred again. The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in) thereafter always gave preference to prayer over every other task and occupation.

Explanation:
1:
And when they see a transaction being concluded or some amusement, they rush towards it and leave you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) standing.
Say: What is with Allah is better than play and trade, and Allah is the best of providers. (: al-Jumu‘ah: 11)