صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا} :Chapter. The Statement of Allah: “Verily, We have given you (O Muhammad ) a manifest victory.” (V.48:1)
Hadith 4833
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : بُورًا هَالِكِينَ ، سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ : السَّحْنَةُ ، وَقَالَ مَنْصُورٌ : عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، التَّوَاضُعُ ، شَطْأَهُ : فِرَاخَهُ ، فَاسْتَغْلَظَ : غَلُظَ ، سُوقِهِ : السَّاقُ حَامِلَةُ الشَّجَرَةِ وَيُقَالُ ، دَائِرَةُ السَّوْءِ : كَقَوْلِكَ رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ وَدَائِرَةُ السُّوءِ الْعَذَابُ ، تُعَزِّرُوهُ : تَنْصُرُوهُ ، شَطْأَهُ : شَطْءُ السُّنْبُلِ تُنْبِتُ الْحَبَّةُ عَشْرًا أَوْ ثَمَانِيًا وَسَبْعًا فَيَقْوَى بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ فَذَاكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : فَآزَرَهُ : قَوَّاهُ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً لَمْ تَقُمْ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَهُوَ مَثَلٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ خَرَجَ وَحْدَهُ ، ثُمَّ قَوَّاهُ بِأَصْحَابِهِ كَمَا قَوَّى الْحَبَّةَ بِمَا يُنْبِتُ مِنْهَا.
Mujahid said that «بورا» means those who are destroyed. Mujahid also said that the meaning of «سيماهم في وجوههم» is that, because of prostrations, there is softness and beauty on their faces. Mansur narrated from Mujahid that «سيما» means humility and modesty. «اخرج شطأه» means he brought forth its ear. «فاستغلظ» means then it became thick. «سوق» means the stalk of the tree on which the tree stands, its root. «دائرة السوء» is like they say «رجل السوء.». «دائرة السوء» means punishment. «تعزروه» means help him. «شطأه» refers to the tendon of the hair. A single grain produces ten or eight or seven ears, and they support each other. «فآزره» means this, that is, it was strengthened; if there were only one ear, it could not stand on a single stalk. This is an example Allah, the Exalted, has given for the Prophet (ﷺ). When he was granted prophethood, he was completely alone, without any helper or supporter. Then Allah, the Pure, gave him strength through his companions, just as a grain is strengthened by its ears.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَسِيرُ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَسِيرُ مَعَهُ لَيْلًا ، فَسَأَلَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ شَيْءٍ ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : ثَكِلَتْ أُمُّ عُمَرَ نَزَرْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يُجِيبُكَ ، قَالَ عُمَرُ : فَحَرَّكْتُ بَعِيرِي ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ أَمَامَ النَّاسِ وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يُنْزَلَ فِيَّ قُرْآنٌ ، فَمَا نَشِبْتُ أَنْ سَمِعْتُ صَارِخًا يَصْرُخُ بِي ، فَقُلْتُ : لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَزَلَ فِيَّ قُرْآنٌ ، فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : " لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ اللَّيْلَةَ سُورَةٌ لَهِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا سورة الفتح آية 1 " .
Narrated Aslam: While Allah's Messenger was proceeding at night during one of his journeys and `Umar bin Al-Khattab was traveling beside him, `Umar asked him about something but Allah's Messenger did not reply. He asked again, but he did not reply, and then he asked (for the third time) but he did not reply. On that, `Umar bin Al-Khattab said to himself, "Thakilat Ummu `Umar (May `Umar's mother lose her son)! I asked Allah's Messenger three times but he did not reply." `Umar then said, "I made my camel run faster and went ahead of the people, and I was afraid that some Qur'anic Verses might be revealed about me. But before getting involved in any other matter. I heard somebody calling me. I said to myself, 'I fear that some Qur'anic Verses have been revealed about me,' and so I went to Allah's Messenger and greeted him. He (Allah's Messenger ) said, 'Tonight a Sura has been revealed to me, and it is dearer to me than that on which the sun rises (i.e. the world)' Then he recited: "Verily, We have given you a manifest victory." (48.1)
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
From this hadith, it is understood that it is not necessary to answer every question; rather, sometimes remaining silent itself is the answer, just as the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not give any answer to the repeated questions of Umar (radi Allahu anhu).
➋
It should be noted that this journey was the return from the ‘Umrah of Hudaybiyyah. Anas (radi Allahu anhu) says that when we returned from Hudaybiyyah, the signs of grief and distress were apparent upon us because the disbelievers of Makkah had obstructed us from performing ‘Umrah and from our sacrificial offerings. In these circumstances, this surah was revealed.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) declared this surah to be more beloved than the world and whatever is in it, because it contains the victory of Islam, the completion of blessings, Allah’s pleasure with the Companions of the Tree (Ashab al-Shajarah), and countless other matters which are a cause of glad tidings for the people of Islam. Then, in it, Allah mentioned the forgiveness of the Messenger of Allah’s (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) past and future sins.
➊
From this hadith, it is understood that it is not necessary to answer every question; rather, sometimes remaining silent itself is the answer, just as the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not give any answer to the repeated questions of Umar (radi Allahu anhu).
➋
It should be noted that this journey was the return from the ‘Umrah of Hudaybiyyah. Anas (radi Allahu anhu) says that when we returned from Hudaybiyyah, the signs of grief and distress were apparent upon us because the disbelievers of Makkah had obstructed us from performing ‘Umrah and from our sacrificial offerings. In these circumstances, this surah was revealed.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) declared this surah to be more beloved than the world and whatever is in it, because it contains the victory of Islam, the completion of blessings, Allah’s pleasure with the Companions of the Tree (Ashab al-Shajarah), and countless other matters which are a cause of glad tidings for the people of Islam. Then, in it, Allah mentioned the forgiveness of the Messenger of Allah’s (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) past and future sins.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4833
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Surah Al-Fath was being revealed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Umar radi Allahu anhu was not aware of this, so he kept asking repeatedly, but the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam remained silent, which Umar radi Allahu anhu interpreted as displeasure from the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Later, when the reality became clear, the correct situation was understood.
The revelation of Surah Al-Fath at this occasion was a glad tiding for the propagation of Islam; therefore, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam declared this Surah to be dearer to him than the entire universe.
Surah Al-Fath was being revealed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Umar radi Allahu anhu was not aware of this, so he kept asking repeatedly, but the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam remained silent, which Umar radi Allahu anhu interpreted as displeasure from the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
Later, when the reality became clear, the correct situation was understood.
The revelation of Surah Al-Fath at this occasion was a glad tiding for the propagation of Islam; therefore, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam declared this Surah to be dearer to him than the entire universe.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4177
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
These verses were revealed on the return from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
Some narrations indicate that their revelation occurred at the place of Dajnan, or Juhfah, or Kurā’ al-Ghamīm.
All three of these locations are situated close to each other.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/742)
➋
Since revelation was descending upon you, you did not give any answer to Umar radi Allahu anhu regarding his question.
In reality, the conditions of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah caused great unease among the Muslims; Umar radi Allahu anhu himself states that after entering Islam, he never experienced as many doubts as he did upon accepting the conditions of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. In this regard, he spoke to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in a manner for which he later felt regret.
To make amends for this, he performed various acts of goodness.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Shurut, Hadith: 2731, 2732)
In any case, this journey was the return from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah; in this context, this hadith corresponds to the mentioned title.
➌
It should be clear that in the noble verse, the “clear victory” (fath mubin) refers to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, as has already been explained.
And Allah knows best.
➊
These verses were revealed on the return from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
Some narrations indicate that their revelation occurred at the place of Dajnan, or Juhfah, or Kurā’ al-Ghamīm.
All three of these locations are situated close to each other.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/742)
➋
Since revelation was descending upon you, you did not give any answer to Umar radi Allahu anhu regarding his question.
In reality, the conditions of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah caused great unease among the Muslims; Umar radi Allahu anhu himself states that after entering Islam, he never experienced as many doubts as he did upon accepting the conditions of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. In this regard, he spoke to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in a manner for which he later felt regret.
To make amends for this, he performed various acts of goodness.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Shurut, Hadith: 2731, 2732)
In any case, this journey was the return from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah; in this context, this hadith corresponds to the mentioned title.
➌
It should be clear that in the noble verse, the “clear victory” (fath mubin) refers to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, as has already been explained.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4177
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
This hadith alone is sufficient and comprehensive regarding the virtue of this surah. Its connection is with the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, after which the doors of Islamic conquests were opened. In this respect, this surah holds a special historical significance.
This hadith alone is sufficient and comprehensive regarding the virtue of this surah. Its connection is with the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, after which the doors of Islamic conquests were opened. In this respect, this surah holds a special historical significance.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 5012
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
The journey mentioned was that of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
In this, the virtue of Surah al-Fath is clearly stated.
This blessed surah holds a special historical significance.
After its revelation, a door to Islamic victories was opened.
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu knew well that his moving ahead and distancing himself from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would not be an obstacle to the descent of revelation.
Despite this, he went ahead because he thought that by repeatedly asking questions, he was causing distress to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
When I go far away, the distress that befell you because of me will be removed.
➋
In any case, this incident shows that it is not necessary to answer every question.
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu thought that perhaps there was some disrespect in his questioning, so he hurried his camel away, fearing that perhaps a verse might be revealed regarding his action.
It is also possible that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not answer due to being occupied with the descent of revelation; it is also possible that he answered after becoming free, which Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu did not mention.
And Allah knows best.
➊
The journey mentioned was that of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
In this, the virtue of Surah al-Fath is clearly stated.
This blessed surah holds a special historical significance.
After its revelation, a door to Islamic victories was opened.
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu knew well that his moving ahead and distancing himself from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would not be an obstacle to the descent of revelation.
Despite this, he went ahead because he thought that by repeatedly asking questions, he was causing distress to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
When I go far away, the distress that befell you because of me will be removed.
➋
In any case, this incident shows that it is not necessary to answer every question.
Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu thought that perhaps there was some disrespect in his questioning, so he hurried his camel away, fearing that perhaps a verse might be revealed regarding his action.
It is also possible that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not answer due to being occupied with the descent of revelation; it is also possible that he answered after becoming free, which Hazrat Umar radi Allahu anhu did not mention.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 5012
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
Indeed, O Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! We have granted you a clear victory. ( , al-Fath: 1)
1:
Indeed, O Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! We have granted you a clear victory. ( , al-Fath: 1)
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3262
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication: [وأخرجه البخاري 4177، من حديث مالك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ Sometimes, due to being occupied or having an excuse, if a questioner’s inquiry is not answered, there is no harm in this.
➋ One should always fear opposing the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➌ Surah Al-Fath was revealed during a journey while the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was mounted on his riding animal.
➍ It is permissible to travel at night.
➎ It is not obligatory for a scholar to answer every question; therefore, if the scholar does not respond, the questioner should display proper etiquette and remain silent. Similarly, it is also not necessary for the scholar to give an immediate answer.
➏ Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) held a lofty rank in piety and love for the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➐ Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had a great status in the sight of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➑ From the chain of narration, there is an assumption of the hadith being mursal; Abu’l-Hasan al-Qabisi (rahimahullah) has removed this doubt.
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ Sometimes, due to being occupied or having an excuse, if a questioner’s inquiry is not answered, there is no harm in this.
➋ One should always fear opposing the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➌ Surah Al-Fath was revealed during a journey while the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was mounted on his riding animal.
➍ It is permissible to travel at night.
➎ It is not obligatory for a scholar to answer every question; therefore, if the scholar does not respond, the questioner should display proper etiquette and remain silent. Similarly, it is also not necessary for the scholar to give an immediate answer.
➏ Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) held a lofty rank in piety and love for the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➐ Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had a great status in the sight of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
➑ From the chain of narration, there is an assumption of the hadith being mursal; Abu’l-Hasan al-Qabisi (rahimahullah) has removed this doubt.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 167
