صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ قَوْلِهِ: {بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ} :Chapter. Allah’s Statement: “Freedom from (all) obligations (is declared) from Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ) to those of the Mushrikun [polytheiest, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad (ﷺ)] with whom you made a treaty." (V.9:1)
Hadith 4654
اُردوEn
وَلِيجَةً : كُلُّ شَيْءٍ أَدْخَلْتَهُ فِي شَيْءٍ ، الشُّقَّةُ : السَّفَرُ الْخَبَالُ الْفَسَادُ وَالْخَبَالُ الْمَوْتُ ، وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي : لَا تُوَبِّخْنِي ، كَرْهًا : وَكُرْهًا وَاحِدٌ ، مُدَّخَلًا : يُدْخَلُونَ فِيهِ ، يَجْمَحُونَ : يُسْرِعُونَ ، وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ : ائْتَفَكَتِ انْقَلَبَتْ بِهَا الْأَرْضُ ، أَهْوَى : أَلْقَاهُ فِي هُوَّةٍ ، عَدْنٍ : خُلْدٍ عَدَنْتُ بِأَرْضٍ ، أَيْ أَقَمْتُ وَمِنْهُ مَعْدِنٌ ، وَيُقَالُ فِي مَعْدِنِ صِدْقٍ فِي مَنْبَتِ صِدْقٍ ، الْخَوَالِفُ : الْخَالِفُ الَّذِي خَلَفَنِي فَقَعَدَ بَعْدِي ، وَمِنْهُ يَخْلُفُهُ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النِّسَاءُ مِنَ الْخَالِفَةِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ جَمْعَ الذُّكُورِ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُوجَدْ عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ جَمْعِهِ ، إِلَّا حَرْفَانِ فَارِسٌ وَفَوَارِسُ وَهَالِكٌ وَهَوَالِكُ الْخَيْرَاتُ ، وَاحِدُهَا خَيْرَةٌ وَهِيَ الْفَوَاضِلُ ، مُرْجَئُونَ مُؤَخَّرُونَ الشَّفَا شَفِيرٌ وَهُوَ حَدُّهُ ، وَالْجُرُفُ مَا تَجَرَّفَ مِنَ السُّيُولِ وَالْأَوْدِيَةِ ، هَارٍ هَائِرٍ يُقَالُ تَهَوَّرَتِ الْبِئْرُ إِذَا انْهَدَمَتْ وَانْهَارَ مِثْلُهُ لَأَوَّاهٌ شَفَقًا وَفَرَقًا ، وَقَالَ الشَّاعِرُ : إِذَا قُمْتُ أَرْحَلُهَا بِلَيْلٍ تَأَوَّهُ آهَةَ الرَّجُلِ الْحَزِينِ
«وليجة» That thing which is inserted into another thing (here it means a confidant). «الشقة» Journey or a distant path. «خبال» means corruption and «خبال» also means death. «ولا تفتني» That is, do not scold me, do not be angry with me. «كَرها» and «كُرها» both have the same meaning, that is, by force, unwillingly. «مدخلا» The place of intrusion (for example, a tunnel, etc.). «يجمحون» They keep running. «مؤتفكات» This is derived from «ائتفكت انقلبت بها الأرض.», meaning its land was overturned. «أهوى» That is, he was pushed into a pit. «عدن» means eternity. The Arabs say «عدنت بأرض», meaning I remained in this land. From this comes the word «معدن» (which means a mine of gold, silver, or any other metal). «معدن صدق.» That is, in that land where truth grows. «الخوالف», plural of «خالف». «خالف» The one who stayed behind, leaving me. From this is the hadith «يخلفه في الغابرين», meaning those who remain after the deceased, become their successor (that is, their protector and guardian). And by «الخوالف» women are meant; in this case, it will be the plural of «يخلفه» (just as the plural of «فاعلة» is «فواعل»). If «خالف» is the plural of masculine, then it will be «شاذ»; in Arabic, only two forms of such masculine plurals come, like «فارس» and «فوارس», and «هالك» and «هوالك». «الخيرات», plural of «خيرة». That is, good deeds, virtues. «مرجئون» Given with leniency. «الشفا» They say «شفير», meaning edge. «الجرف» That land which is dug out by the flow of rivers and streams. «هار» The one that falls; from this is «تهورت البئر», meaning the well collapsed. «لأواه» That is, one who wails out of fear and awe of God, as the poet («مشقب عبدى») says.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : أُذُنٌ : يُصَدِّقُ ، تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا : وَنَحْوُهَا كَثِيرٌ وَالزَّكَاةُ الطَّاعَةُ وَالْإِخْلَاصُ ، لَا يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ : لَا يَشْهَدُونَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، يُضَاهُونَ : يُشَبِّهُونَ .
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that «أذن» refers to a person who listens to everything and believes in it. «تطهرهم» and «تزكيهم بها» have similar meanings. In the Noble Qur'an, there are many such synonymous words. «الزكاة» means servitude and sincerity. «لا يؤتون الزكاة» means that they do not bear witness to the statement of «لا إله إلا الله». «يضاهون» is «يشبهون», meaning they speak like the disbelievers of old.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، يَقُولُ : " آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ سورة النساء آية 176 ، وَآخِرُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ بَرَاءَةٌ " .
Narrated Al-Bara: The last Verse that was revealed was: 'They ask you for a legal verdict: Say: Allah directs (thus) about Al-Kalalah (those who leave no descendants or ascendants as heirs).' And the last Sura which was revealed was Baraatun (9) .
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Footnote:
The disbelievers of Makkah broke the agreements they had made at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah only a short time after making them, and they brutally killed the allied tribe of the Muslims, Banu Khuza‘ah.
Upon their plea for help, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was compelled to take action, and it was on this occasion that these opening verses of Surah Bara’ah were revealed.
The meaning of “the last surah” is that most of its verses were revealed at the end.
The last verse is: ﴿And fear the Day when you will be returned to Allah﴾ (: al-Baqarah: 281),
and a few days after its revelation, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) passed away.
The disbelievers of Makkah broke the agreements they had made at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah only a short time after making them, and they brutally killed the allied tribe of the Muslims, Banu Khuza‘ah.
Upon their plea for help, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was compelled to take action, and it was on this occasion that these opening verses of Surah Bara’ah were revealed.
The meaning of “the last surah” is that most of its verses were revealed at the end.
The last verse is: ﴿And fear the Day when you will be returned to Allah﴾ (: al-Baqarah: 281),
and a few days after its revelation, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) passed away.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4654
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
In one narration, it is stated that the last complete surah to be revealed was Surah Bara’ah, and the last concluding portion of a surah to be revealed was the conclusion of Surah An-Nisa.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4364)
2.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) that the very last verse to be revealed was the verse concerning usury (riba), whereas from the aforementioned hadith it is understood that the last verse was regarding kalalah (inheritance from one who leaves neither ascendants nor descendants).
These two hadith have been reconciled in the following manner:
➊ The last verse revealed regarding inheritance was the verse of kalalah, and the last verse regarding what is lawful and unlawful was the verse of riba.
➋ Both of these rulings were revealed in the final year of the life of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), thus the term “last” has been applied to both.
➌ Neither Al-Bara’ bin Azib nor Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhuma) narrated this directly from the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); rather, they stated this based on their own ijtihad (independent reasoning).
And Allah knows best.
3.
By “last surah” is meant the greater part of it, because most of Surah Bara’ah was revealed during the expedition of Tabuk, which was the very last expedition of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
And Allah knows best, and His knowledge is most complete.
1.
In one narration, it is stated that the last complete surah to be revealed was Surah Bara’ah, and the last concluding portion of a surah to be revealed was the conclusion of Surah An-Nisa.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4364)
2.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) that the very last verse to be revealed was the verse concerning usury (riba), whereas from the aforementioned hadith it is understood that the last verse was regarding kalalah (inheritance from one who leaves neither ascendants nor descendants).
These two hadith have been reconciled in the following manner:
➊ The last verse revealed regarding inheritance was the verse of kalalah, and the last verse regarding what is lawful and unlawful was the verse of riba.
➋ Both of these rulings were revealed in the final year of the life of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), thus the term “last” has been applied to both.
➌ Neither Al-Bara’ bin Azib nor Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhuma) narrated this directly from the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); rather, they stated this based on their own ijtihad (independent reasoning).
And Allah knows best.
3.
By “last surah” is meant the greater part of it, because most of Surah Bara’ah was revealed during the expedition of Tabuk, which was the very last expedition of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
And Allah knows best, and His knowledge is most complete.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4654
