صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالأَنْصَابُ وَالأَزْلاَمُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ} :Chapter. Allah’s Statement: “Intoxicants (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), gambling, Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam (arrows for seeking luck or a decision) are an abomination of Satan’s handiwork..." (V.5:90)
Hadith 4616
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : الْأَزْلَامُ : الْقِدَاحُ ، يَقْتَسِمُونَ بِهَا فِي الْأُمُورِ ، وَالنُّصُبُ : أَنْصَابٌ يَذْبَحُونَ عَلَيْهَا ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ ، الزَّلَمُ الْقِدْحُ ، لَا رِيشَ لَهُ وَهُوَ وَاحِدُ ، الْأَزْلَامِ وَالِاسْتِقْسَامُ ، أَنْ يُجِيلَ الْقِدَاحَ فَإِنْ نَهَتْهُ انْتَهَى ، وَإِنْ أَمَرَتْهُ فَعَلَ مَا تَأْمُرُهُ بِهِ ، يُجِيلُ يُدِيرُ ، وَقَدْ أَعْلَمُوا الْقِدَاحَ أَعْلَامًا بِضُرُوبٍ يَسْتَقْسِمُونَ بِهَا ، وَفَعَلْتُ مِنْهُ قَسَمْتُ وَالْقُسُومُ الْمَصْدَرُ .
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that «الأزلام» refers to those arrows by which they used to seek omens for their affairs. The disbelievers used to inquire about their fate through them. «نصب» (Around the Ka'bah, 360 idols were set up, upon which they used to offer sacrifices.) Other people have said that the word «زلم» refers to those arrows which do not have feathers; it is the singular of «الأزلام». «استقسام» means to cast lots, so that if it does not come up, they would refrain, and if the command comes, they would act according to the command. They had made various marks on the arrows and used them to determine their fate. «استقسام» is (necessary) on the pattern of «فعلت», and «قسمت» is its plural, and «لقسوم» is the singular of «مصدر».
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : " نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ ، وَإِنَّ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَخَمْسَةَ أَشْرِبَةٍ ، مَا فِيهَا شَرَابُ الْعِنَبِ " .
Narrated Ibn `Umar: (The Verse of) prohibiting alcoholic drinks was revealed when there were in Medina five kinds of (alcoholic) drinks none of which was produced from grapes.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
Grape wine was not completely non-existent, but its use was very rare; thus, in a hadith from Umar radi Allahu anhu, grape wine is also mentioned.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4619)
In any case, every intoxicant is forbidden which veils the intellect and causes intoxication. Thus, it is narrated from Aisha radi Allahu anha that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"Every intoxicating thing is forbidden."
(Sahih Muslim, al-Ashriba, Hadith: 5211 (2001))
In another narration, it is stated that whatever causes intoxication in large quantities, even a small amount of it is forbidden.
(Jami' al-Tirmidhi, al-Ashriba, Hadith: 1865)
2.
Regarding wine, four stages are mentioned in the Noble Qur'an, the details of which are as follows:
➊
Before its prohibition, there was a stage of permissibility, as Allah the Exalted says:
"And from the fruits of the date-palm and the grapevine you derive intoxicants and good provision."
(al-Nahl 16:67)
This verse was revealed at a time when wine was not forbidden, so it was mentioned alongside lawful things. However, from the style, it is clear that wine is not considered good provision, as it is mentioned separately.
➋
Its prohibition was indicated by allusion, that its harm is greater than its benefit. Allah the Exalted says:
"They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, 'In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.'"
(al-Baqarah 2:219)
In this ruling, it sufficed to instill aversion to wine.
➌
After this, the command prohibiting prayer while intoxicated was revealed. Allah the Exalted says:
"O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying."
(al-Nisa 4:43)
This verse is the second link in the gradual prohibition of wine. After this, the decisive ruling was revealed.
➍
In the verse presented by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, the prohibition of wine is stated in a decisive manner, and it is declared "impure and a work of Satan."
3.
These stages are also supported by a hadith, in which Umar radi Allahu anhu supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a clear ruling regarding wine." So Allah the Exalted revealed the verse of Surah al-Baqarah 2:219. Umar radi Allahu anhu was called and it was recited to him, so he supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a clear ruling regarding it." Then Surah al-Nisa 4:43 was revealed. After this, Umar radi Allahu anhu was called and it was recited to him, so he again supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a decisive ruling regarding it." Then Surah al-Ma'idah 5:91 was revealed, at the end of which it is stated that "Will you not then desist?" When this was recited before Umar radi Allahu anhu, he said: "O Allah! We have desisted. O Allah! We have desisted."
(Jami' al-Tirmidhi, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 3049)
1.
Grape wine was not completely non-existent, but its use was very rare; thus, in a hadith from Umar radi Allahu anhu, grape wine is also mentioned.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4619)
In any case, every intoxicant is forbidden which veils the intellect and causes intoxication. Thus, it is narrated from Aisha radi Allahu anha that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"Every intoxicating thing is forbidden."
(Sahih Muslim, al-Ashriba, Hadith: 5211 (2001))
In another narration, it is stated that whatever causes intoxication in large quantities, even a small amount of it is forbidden.
(Jami' al-Tirmidhi, al-Ashriba, Hadith: 1865)
2.
Regarding wine, four stages are mentioned in the Noble Qur'an, the details of which are as follows:
➊
Before its prohibition, there was a stage of permissibility, as Allah the Exalted says:
"And from the fruits of the date-palm and the grapevine you derive intoxicants and good provision."
(al-Nahl 16:67)
This verse was revealed at a time when wine was not forbidden, so it was mentioned alongside lawful things. However, from the style, it is clear that wine is not considered good provision, as it is mentioned separately.
➋
Its prohibition was indicated by allusion, that its harm is greater than its benefit. Allah the Exalted says:
"They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, 'In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.'"
(al-Baqarah 2:219)
In this ruling, it sufficed to instill aversion to wine.
➌
After this, the command prohibiting prayer while intoxicated was revealed. Allah the Exalted says:
"O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying."
(al-Nisa 4:43)
This verse is the second link in the gradual prohibition of wine. After this, the decisive ruling was revealed.
➍
In the verse presented by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, the prohibition of wine is stated in a decisive manner, and it is declared "impure and a work of Satan."
3.
These stages are also supported by a hadith, in which Umar radi Allahu anhu supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a clear ruling regarding wine." So Allah the Exalted revealed the verse of Surah al-Baqarah 2:219. Umar radi Allahu anhu was called and it was recited to him, so he supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a clear ruling regarding it." Then Surah al-Nisa 4:43 was revealed. After this, Umar radi Allahu anhu was called and it was recited to him, so he again supplicated: "O Allah! Send down a decisive ruling regarding it." Then Surah al-Ma'idah 5:91 was revealed, at the end of which it is stated that "Will you not then desist?" When this was recited before Umar radi Allahu anhu, he said: "O Allah! We have desisted. O Allah! We have desisted."
(Jami' al-Tirmidhi, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 3049)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4616
