صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا} الآيَةَ:Chapter. “Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them), they (angels) say (to them): In what (condition) were you?..” (V.4:97)
Hadith 4596
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ ، قَالَ : قُطِعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْثٌ ، فَاكْتُتِبْتُ فِيهِ ، فَلَقِيتُ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَنَهَانِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَشَدَّ النَّهْيِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، يُكَثِّرُونَ سَوَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَأْتِي السَّهْمُ فَيُرْمَى بِهِ ، فَيُصِيبُ أَحَدَهُمْ ، فَيَقْتُلُهُ أَوْ يُضْرَبُ فَيُقْتَلُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ سورة النساء آية 97 الْآيَةَ . رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ .
Narrated Muhammad bin `Abdur-Rahman Abu Al-Aswad: The people of Medina were forced to prepare an army (to fight against the people of Sham during the caliphate of `Abdullah bin Az-Zubair at Mecca), and I was enlisted in it; Then I met `Ikrima, the freed slave of Ibn `Abbas, and informed him (about it), and he forbade me strongly to do so (i.e. to enlist in that army), and then said, "Ibn `Abbas informed me that some Muslim people were with the pagans, increasing the number of the pagans against Allah's Messenger . An arrow used to be shot which would hit one of them (the Muslims in the company of the pagans) and kill him, or he would be struck and killed (with a sword)." Then Allah revealed:-- "Verily! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (by staying among the disbelievers)" (4.97) Abu Aswad added, "Except the weak ones among men, women,..." (4.98)
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
From this, it is understood that it is not permissible for any Muslim to enlist in the army of the enemies against Islam and the Muslims.
From this, it is understood that it is not permissible for any Muslim to enlist in the army of the enemies against Islam and the Muslims.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4596
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
This pertains to the time when Abdullah ibn Zubair (radi Allahu anhu) claimed the caliphate in Makkah Mukarramah.
He ordered the people of Madinah to prepare an army to fight against the people of Shaam.
Abu al-Aswad’s name was also included in this army.
Ikrimah (rahimahullah) strictly forbade him.
His intention was that Allah Ta’ala has condemned those who joined the polytheists to increase their numbers, even though in their hearts they did not wish to fight against the Muslims.
This was also the case with Abu al-Aswad.
He did not wish in his heart to fight against the people of Shaam, because this war was not for the sake of Allah (fi sabilillah), but only for territorial gain.
His purpose was merely to increase their numbers, therefore Ikrimah (rahimahullah) very strictly forbade him from joining the army.
➋
It is also understood from this hadith that it is not permissible for any Muslim to enlist in the army of the enemy against Islam and the people of Islam.
Wallahu al-musta‘an.
➊
This pertains to the time when Abdullah ibn Zubair (radi Allahu anhu) claimed the caliphate in Makkah Mukarramah.
He ordered the people of Madinah to prepare an army to fight against the people of Shaam.
Abu al-Aswad’s name was also included in this army.
Ikrimah (rahimahullah) strictly forbade him.
His intention was that Allah Ta’ala has condemned those who joined the polytheists to increase their numbers, even though in their hearts they did not wish to fight against the Muslims.
This was also the case with Abu al-Aswad.
He did not wish in his heart to fight against the people of Shaam, because this war was not for the sake of Allah (fi sabilillah), but only for territorial gain.
His purpose was merely to increase their numbers, therefore Ikrimah (rahimahullah) very strictly forbade him from joining the army.
➋
It is also understood from this hadith that it is not permissible for any Muslim to enlist in the army of the enemy against Islam and the people of Islam.
Wallahu al-musta‘an.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4596
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
The meaning of what Ikrimah (rahimahullah) said is that these people did not set out to fight against Muslims, but rather to increase the ranks of the disbelievers. Therefore, Allah the Exalted declared them to be wrongdoers and sinners. Based on this analogy, any army that sets out to fight against Muslims, or anyone who joins them, will be sinful—even if his intention is not to wage war against the Muslims.
This is the very meaning of "Whoever increases the numbers of a people..." (man kaththara sawada qawmin, etc.).
The meaning of what Ikrimah (rahimahullah) said is that these people did not set out to fight against Muslims, but rather to increase the ranks of the disbelievers. Therefore, Allah the Exalted declared them to be wrongdoers and sinners. Based on this analogy, any army that sets out to fight against Muslims, or anyone who joins them, will be sinful—even if his intention is not to wage war against the Muslims.
This is the very meaning of "Whoever increases the numbers of a people..." (man kaththara sawada qawmin, etc.).
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 7085
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
The army in which the name of Abu al-Aswad was written had been prepared during the caliphate of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr radi Allahu anhu to fight against the people of Sham (Syria).
Abu al-Aswad mentioned this to Ikrimah, and he forbade him.
Abu al-Aswad said:
"My intention is not to fight the people of Sham; rather, I only wish to increase the number of the army."
Upon this, Ikrimah radi Allahu anhu said:
"Allah, the Exalted, has condemned those who went with the polytheists not to fight the Muslims, but only to increase their numbers.
Your intention is the same—you also wish to increase the number of your army.
You do not have a plan to fight the people of Sham.
Allah, the Exalted, does not like this either, because He has declared such Muslims to be oppressors and sinners."
2.
From this, it is understood that in times of tribulation, whoever encourages the people of fitnah (those who cause discord), even if his intention is pure, Allah, the Exalted, does not like this action. Therefore, in such delicate circumstances, a Muslim should act with great thought and understanding, and no one should allow others to take wrongful advantage from his words or actions.
And Allah knows best.
1.
The army in which the name of Abu al-Aswad was written had been prepared during the caliphate of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr radi Allahu anhu to fight against the people of Sham (Syria).
Abu al-Aswad mentioned this to Ikrimah, and he forbade him.
Abu al-Aswad said:
"My intention is not to fight the people of Sham; rather, I only wish to increase the number of the army."
Upon this, Ikrimah radi Allahu anhu said:
"Allah, the Exalted, has condemned those who went with the polytheists not to fight the Muslims, but only to increase their numbers.
Your intention is the same—you also wish to increase the number of your army.
You do not have a plan to fight the people of Sham.
Allah, the Exalted, does not like this either, because He has declared such Muslims to be oppressors and sinners."
2.
From this, it is understood that in times of tribulation, whoever encourages the people of fitnah (those who cause discord), even if his intention is pure, Allah, the Exalted, does not like this action. Therefore, in such delicate circumstances, a Muslim should act with great thought and understanding, and no one should allow others to take wrongful advantage from his words or actions.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 7085
