صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {لاَ يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا} الآيَةَ:Chapter. “...You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness, that you may take part of the Mahr (bridal-money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) you have given them...” (V.4:19)
Hadith 4579
اُردوEn
وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : لَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ : لَا تَقْهَرُوهُنَّ ، حُوبًا : إِثْمًا ، تَعُولُوا : تَمِيلُوا ، نِحْلَةً : النِّحْلَةُ الْمَهْرُ .
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that in (the Ayah) «لا تعضلوهن» means do not compel or overpower them, «حوبا» means sin. «تعولوا» means «تميلوا» you bow down. The word «نحلة» is used for dowry.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّيْبَانِيُّ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ : وَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السُّوَائِيُّ ، وَلَا أَظُنُّهُ ذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا وَلا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 19 ، قَالَ : " كَانُوا إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ ، كَانَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ أَحَقَّ بِامْرَأَتِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ تَزَوَّجَهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءُوا زَوَّجُوهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءُوا لَمْ يُزَوِّجُوهَا ، فَهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ " .
Narrated Ibn `Abbas: regarding the Divine Verse: "O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness that you may take back part of the (Mahr) dower you have given them." (4.19) (Before this revelation) if a man died, his relatives used to have the right to inherit his wife, and one of them could marry her if he would, or they would give her in marriage if they wished, or, if they wished, they would not give her in marriage at all, and they would be more entitled to dispose her, than her own relatives. So the above Verse was revealed in this connection.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Now, where are those priests who criticize Islam by claiming that Islam has made women into slaves?
It is through the blessings of Islam that women became human beings; otherwise, the people of Arabia used to consider them as property, like cows and oxen.
Women did not receive any inheritance; Islam granted them inheritance.
Women could be given countless divorces as desired; before she could even complete her waiting period (‘iddah), another divorce would be given, and her life would remain in turmoil.
Islam set a limit of three divorces.
After the husband’s death, the woman would remain like a puppet in the hands of his heirs.
Islam gave the woman full authority, so that if she wishes, she may contract a second marriage.
(Wahidi)
Now, where are those priests who criticize Islam by claiming that Islam has made women into slaves?
It is through the blessings of Islam that women became human beings; otherwise, the people of Arabia used to consider them as property, like cows and oxen.
Women did not receive any inheritance; Islam granted them inheritance.
Women could be given countless divorces as desired; before she could even complete her waiting period (‘iddah), another divorce would be given, and her life would remain in turmoil.
Islam set a limit of three divorces.
After the husband’s death, the woman would remain like a puppet in the hands of his heirs.
Islam gave the woman full authority, so that if she wishes, she may contract a second marriage.
(Wahidi)
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4579
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
In one narration, there is further detail that when a man died, his relatives would throw a cloth over the widow and would not allow her close relatives to come to her. If she was beautiful, they would themselves marry her, and if she was unattractive, they would keep her confined until she died, and then they would inherit her wealth and possessions. ( : Tafsir al-Tabari, Surah al-Nisa: Ayah 19)
➋
This noble verse was revealed concerning Kabshah bint Ma'n, who was married to Abu Qays ibn Aslat. When her husband Abu Qays passed away, his son wanted to marry Kabshah. So she came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! I have neither received any inheritance from my husband, nor am I being set free so that I may marry someone else." Regarding this, the verse was revealed. ( : Fath al-Bari: 8/311)
➌
In any case, the woman was considered part of the inheritance, and her stepson or the deceased's brother would have authority over her. The husband's heirs had authority over her, while the woman's own heirs had no authority whatsoever. Thus, after the revelation of this verse, women were granted full honor and given complete and independent rights. And Allah knows best.
➊
In one narration, there is further detail that when a man died, his relatives would throw a cloth over the widow and would not allow her close relatives to come to her. If she was beautiful, they would themselves marry her, and if she was unattractive, they would keep her confined until she died, and then they would inherit her wealth and possessions. ( : Tafsir al-Tabari, Surah al-Nisa: Ayah 19)
➋
This noble verse was revealed concerning Kabshah bint Ma'n, who was married to Abu Qays ibn Aslat. When her husband Abu Qays passed away, his son wanted to marry Kabshah. So she came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! I have neither received any inheritance from my husband, nor am I being set free so that I may marry someone else." Regarding this, the verse was revealed. ( : Fath al-Bari: 8/311)
➌
In any case, the woman was considered part of the inheritance, and her stepson or the deceased's brother would have authority over her. The husband's heirs had authority over her, while the woman's own heirs had no authority whatsoever. Thus, after the revelation of this verse, women were granted full honor and given complete and independent rights. And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4579
