صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ} :Chapter. Allah’s Statement “In that which your wives leave, your share is a half...” (V.4:12)
Hadith 4578
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، عَنْ وَرْقَاءَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : " كَانَ الْمَالُ لِلْوَلَدِ ، وَكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ ، فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا أَحَبَّ ، فَجَعَلَ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ، وَجَعَلَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسَ وَالثُّلُثَ ، وَجَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنَ وَالرُّبُعَ ، وَللزَّوْجِ الشَّطْرَ وَالرُّبُعَ " .
Narrated Ibn `Abbas: (In the Pre-Islamic Period ) the children used to inherit all the property but the parents used to inherit only through a will. So Allah cancelled that which He liked to cancel and put decreed that the share of a son was to be twice the share of a daughter, and for the parents one-sixth for each one of them, or one third, and for the wife one-eighth or one-fourth, and for the husband one-half, or one-fourth.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
In this hadith, the situation of inheritance division during the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah) and the early period of Islam has been described. Thus, in another narration it is mentioned that when the verse of inheritance was revealed, the people said, “O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! Should we give half of the inheritance to a young girl, even though she can neither ride a horse nor is she capable of defending against the enemy?” In any case, the custom during the Age of Ignorance was that inheritance was given only to those who were warriors on the battlefield.
(Tafsir Jami‘ al-Bayan fi Ta’wil al-Qur’an, Tafsir Surah al-Nisa’, Ayah 11;
Fath al-Bari: 8/308)
➋
In this, the shares of the heirs have been mentioned very concisely, because the father is never given one third in any situation. Rather, the meaning is that in one case, both parents receive one sixth each when the deceased has children, and in another case, the mother receives one third when the deceased has no children. Similarly, the wife is given one eighth when the deceased husband has children.
If there are no children, then the wife is given one fourth, and the husband receives half if the deceased has no children, and if the deceased has children, then the husband receives one fourth.
For details, refer to the Book of Inheritance (Kitab al-Fara’id).
➊
In this hadith, the situation of inheritance division during the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah) and the early period of Islam has been described. Thus, in another narration it is mentioned that when the verse of inheritance was revealed, the people said, “O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! Should we give half of the inheritance to a young girl, even though she can neither ride a horse nor is she capable of defending against the enemy?” In any case, the custom during the Age of Ignorance was that inheritance was given only to those who were warriors on the battlefield.
(Tafsir Jami‘ al-Bayan fi Ta’wil al-Qur’an, Tafsir Surah al-Nisa’, Ayah 11;
Fath al-Bari: 8/308)
➋
In this, the shares of the heirs have been mentioned very concisely, because the father is never given one third in any situation. Rather, the meaning is that in one case, both parents receive one sixth each when the deceased has children, and in another case, the mother receives one third when the deceased has no children. Similarly, the wife is given one eighth when the deceased husband has children.
If there are no children, then the wife is given one fourth, and the husband receives half if the deceased has no children, and if the deceased has children, then the husband receives one fourth.
For details, refer to the Book of Inheritance (Kitab al-Fara’id).
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4578
