صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب تفسير القرآنThe Book of Commentary
بَابُ: {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ لاَ تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى} :Chapter. “And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls...” (V.4:3)
Hadith 4573
اُردوEn
قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : يَسْتَنْكِفُ : يَسْتَكْبِرُ قِوَامًا قِوَامُكُمْ مِنْ مَعَايِشِكُمْ ، لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا : يَعْنِي الرَّجْمَ لِلثَّيِّبِ ، وَالْجَلْدَ لِلْبِكْرِ " ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ : يَعْنِي اثْنَتَيْنِ ، وَثَلَاثًا ، وَأَرْبَعًا ، وَلَا تُجَاوِزُ الْعَرَبُ رُبَاعَ .
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that (the verse of the Noble Qur’an) «يستنكف», is in the meaning of «يستكبر». «قواما» («قياما»), that is, upon which your livelihood is established. «لهن سبيلا» means stoning for the married person and lashes for the unmarried person (when they commit adultery). And other people have said that in the (Ayah) by «مثنى وثلاث ورباع» is meant two, two; three, three; and four, four. The people of Arabia do not go beyond this pattern in «رباع».
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : "أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَتْ لَهُ يَتِيمَةٌ فَنَكَحَهَا ، وَكَانَ لَهَا عَذْقٌ ، وَكَانَ يُمْسِكُهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا مِنْ نَفْسِهِ شَيْءٌ ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى سورة النساء آية 3 ، أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ : كَانَتْ شَرِيكَتَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَذْقِ وَفِي مَالِهِ " .
Narrated Aisha: There was an orphan (girl) under the care of a man. He married her and she owned a date palm (garden). He married her just because of that and not because he loved her. So the Divine Verse came regarding his case: "If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls..." (4.3) The sub-narrator added: I think he (i.e. another sub-narrator) said, "That orphan girl was his partner in that datepalm (garden) and in his property."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
The aforementioned verse was revealed concerning two types of people, the details of which are as follows:
➊ The first are those who have an orphan girl in their care, and although they have no desire to marry her due to her lack of beauty or for some other reason, they marry her only because she is wealthy or shares in their wealth. They do not wish to marry her to someone else, lest a third person becomes a partner in the wealth.
➋ The second are those who have an orphan girl in their care and, due to her beauty and wealth, desire to marry her, but at the time of marriage act unjustly regarding the dowry (mahr) and do not pay the full dowry. For both these types of people, this noble verse prohibits marrying the girls under their guardianship.
2.
The matter mentioned with doubt at the end of this narration has been stated with certainty by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in another narration. Its words are as follows:
"This concerns a man who is the guardian of an orphan girl, and that girl is a partner with him in his wealth, even in the date-palm trees, but the guardian has no desire to marry her, nor does he like to marry her to someone else who would then become a partner in his wealth. Thus, he keeps the girl hanging (i.e., unmarried). In this noble verse, such behavior is prohibited."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Tafsir, Hadith: 4600)
In any case, in this hadith only one type is mentioned, whereas in the following hadith its details are given.
1.
The aforementioned verse was revealed concerning two types of people, the details of which are as follows:
➊ The first are those who have an orphan girl in their care, and although they have no desire to marry her due to her lack of beauty or for some other reason, they marry her only because she is wealthy or shares in their wealth. They do not wish to marry her to someone else, lest a third person becomes a partner in the wealth.
➋ The second are those who have an orphan girl in their care and, due to her beauty and wealth, desire to marry her, but at the time of marriage act unjustly regarding the dowry (mahr) and do not pay the full dowry. For both these types of people, this noble verse prohibits marrying the girls under their guardianship.
2.
The matter mentioned with doubt at the end of this narration has been stated with certainty by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in another narration. Its words are as follows:
"This concerns a man who is the guardian of an orphan girl, and that girl is a partner with him in his wealth, even in the date-palm trees, but the guardian has no desire to marry her, nor does he like to marry her to someone else who would then become a partner in his wealth. Thus, he keeps the girl hanging (i.e., unmarried). In this noble verse, such behavior is prohibited."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Tafsir, Hadith: 4600)
In any case, in this hadith only one type is mentioned, whereas in the following hadith its details are given.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4573
