Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
The Christians of Najran used to claim that ‘Isa (alayhis salam) was the son of Allah, and the polytheists of Makkah used to describe the angels as the daughters of Allah.
In refutation of their claims, Allah the Exalted revealed this verse. Among many polytheistic nations, such erroneous concepts still exist today in various forms.
However, all these concepts are false.
The most correct understanding regarding the essence of Allah is that which Islam has presented, as mentioned in Surah al-Ikhlas.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The Jews of Khaybar used to say that ‘Uzayr (alayhis salam) was the son of Allah, the Christians of Najran claimed that ‘Isa (alayhis salam) was the son of Allah, and the disbelievers and polytheists of Makkah said that the angels were the daughters of Allah.
In refutation of these claims, Allah the Exalted revealed the aforementioned verses.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/210)
Even today, in many nations, such erroneous concepts about Allah the Exalted exist in various forms, but the most correct belief regarding the essence of Allah is that which the Noble Qur’an has stated in Surah al-Ikhlas.
➋
In this hadith, ascribing offspring to Allah the Exalted has been described as an insult, because such a belief entails disrespect and denigration of Allah the Exalted. This is because, for a child to exist, it is necessary for there to be a mother who bears the child, then gives birth to it; furthermore, prior to this, marriage is also necessary, and those who marry must possess sexual desires so that, through the union of husband and wife, the birth of a child becomes possible.
Allah is pure and exalted above all these things.
He has neither a wife nor any offspring.
He is alone and free of need from wife and children.
➌
This is a Qudsi hadith, meaning that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) narrates it from the Lord of the worlds. The following are the differences between a Qudsi hadith and the Noble Qur’an:
© The words and meanings of the Noble Qur’an are both from Allah the Exalted, whereas in a Qudsi hadith, the meanings are from Allah, but the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) expresses those meanings in his own words.
© The recitation of the Noble Qur’an is an act of worship, whereas reading a Qudsi hadith is not considered worship, but rather a generally good deed.
© The Noble Qur’an is recited in prayer, but it is not correct to recite a Qudsi hadith in prayer.
© For the Noble Qur’an, being mutawatir (mass-transmitted) is a condition, but for the establishment of a hadith, mutawatir transmission is not a condition.

Takhrij al-Hadith:
[صحیح بخاری 4482]

Fiqh al-Hadith
➊ The Pauline Christians go around claiming that ‘Isa (alayhis salam) is the son of God, whereas ‘Isa (alayhis salam) was born to the virgin Maryam (alayha salam). He is from among the children of Adam, and from the progeny of Dawud (alayhis salam). The cross-worshipping Christians, by calling and considering Sayyiduna ‘Isa (alayhis salam) as the son of God, are in fact insulting God.
➋ The polytheist commits shirk (associating partners with Allah), and due to his shirk, he insults Allah, the Exalted.
➌ The belief of all Muslims and followers of the noble Prophets is that after the Day of Resurrection, all humans will be brought back to life and presented before Allah. Whoever denies this belief considers his Creator and Master, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, to be a liar. And it is well known even among common people that whoever considers Allah to be a liar is the worst disbeliever in the universe.
➍ This hadith is among those ahadith which are called ahadith qudsiya. These ahadith are more than a hundred in number. The difference between a hadith qudsi and the Noble Qur’an is that a hadith qudsi is non-recited revelation (wahy ghayr matluww), which was conveyed to you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) from Allah either by inspiration, dream, or through an angel, either in meaning or in wording. Whereas the entire Noble Qur’an is recited revelation (wahy matluww), which was revealed from Allah, the Exalted, to you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) through Jibril (alayhis salam). Every word of the Noble Qur’an is the speech of Allah and has reached the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) through continuous transmission (tawatur). Also see: [مرعاة المفاتيح 1؍83]
➎ See how self-sufficient Allah, Lord of Might, is: He continues to grant respite in this world even to those who insult Him and deny Him. This respite is only until their death. After death, they will be subjected to a torment that causes everlasting pain, and there will be no one to save them from Allah.
➏ There is no difference in meaning between the narrations of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah and Sayyiduna ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas (radi Allahu anhuma); there is only a slight difference in wording. Each one remembered what he heard. Thus, it is understood that if something is mentioned in one narration and not in another, the absence of mention does not prove the negation of mention.
➐ Narration by meaning (riwayah bil-ma‘na) is also permissible.