صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب المغازيThe Book of Al- Maghazi
بَابُ مَرَضِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَفَاتِهِ:Chapter. The sickness of the Prophet and his death.
Hadith 4447
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، وَكَانَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَحَدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ : أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ : يَا أَبَا حَسَنٍ ، كَيْفَ أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ " فَقَالَ : أَصْبَحَ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ بَارِئًا ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : أَنْتَ وَاللَّهِ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ عَبْدُ الْعَصَا ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَأَرَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَوْفَ يُتَوَفَّى مِنْ وَجَعِهِ هَذَا ، إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ وُجُوهَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ ، اذْهَبْ بِنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلْنَسْأَلْهُ فِيمَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ ؟ إِنْ كَانَ فِينَا عَلِمْنَا ذَلِكَ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي غَيْرِنَا عَلِمْنَاهُ ، فَأَوْصَى بِنَا ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ : " إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ سَأَلْنَاهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَمَنَعَنَاهَا لَا يُعْطِينَاهَا النَّاسُ بَعْدَهُ ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَسْأَلُهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " .
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas: `Ali bin Abu Talib came out of the house of Allah's Apostle during his fatal illness. The people asked, "O Abu Hasan (i.e. `Ali)! How is the health of Allah's Apostle this morning?" `Ali replied, "He has recovered with the Grace of Allah." `Abbas bin `Abdul Muttalib held him by the hand and said to him, "In three days you, by Allah, will be ruled (by somebody else ), And by Allah, I feel that Allah's Apostle will die from this ailment of his, for I know how the faces of the offspring of `Abdul Muttalib look at the time of their death. So let us go to Allah's Apostle and ask him who will take over the Caliphate. If it is given to us we will know as to it, and if it is given to somebody else, we will inform him so that he may tell the new ruler to take care of us." `Ali said, "By Allah, if we asked Allah's Apostle for it (i.e. the Caliphate) and he denied it us, the people will never give it to us after that. And by Allah, I will not ask Allah's Apostle for it."
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary: It was the perfection of the wisdom of Ali (radi Allahu anhu) that he expressed this opinion, by which the door to many tribulations was closed, radi Allahu anhu.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4447
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
(‘Abd al-‘Asa)
means “the servant of the staff,” that is, a traveler, because a traveler holds a staff in his hand and has no one else to support him.
The intent of the statement of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) was that after the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), there would be no one to support you, so the decision regarding the caliphate should be made during his lifetime.
➋
During illness, every single matter must be handled with care.
Since Ali (radi Allahu anhu) was inexperienced, he did not realize this, whereas Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) was experienced and became aware of this matter.
This was the insight (firasah) of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu).
➌
From the wording of this hadith, it is apparent that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) did have a desire for the caliphate. Thus, in some narrations, it is mentioned that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) said:
“Is there anyone besides us who covets this caliphate?”
Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) replied, “That is also my assumption.”
In the narration of Ibn Sa‘d, it is mentioned that when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) passed away, Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) said to Ali (radi Allahu anhu):
“Extend your hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you.
Then others will also pledge allegiance.”
But Ali (radi Allahu anhu) did not do so. After that, Ali (radi Allahu anhu) used to say, “If only I had accepted the advice of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu).”
(al-Tabaqat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa‘d: 4/28)
➍
The Shi‘a claim that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) is the legatee (wasi) of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),
meaning that he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made a bequest of the caliphate for him.
If this assumption were correct, then what need was there for him to say that if the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) deprived us, then after him, people would never make us caliph?
In any case, the claim of the Shi‘a regarding the bequest is baseless and fabricated.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/179)
➊
(‘Abd al-‘Asa)
means “the servant of the staff,” that is, a traveler, because a traveler holds a staff in his hand and has no one else to support him.
The intent of the statement of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) was that after the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), there would be no one to support you, so the decision regarding the caliphate should be made during his lifetime.
➋
During illness, every single matter must be handled with care.
Since Ali (radi Allahu anhu) was inexperienced, he did not realize this, whereas Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) was experienced and became aware of this matter.
This was the insight (firasah) of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu).
➌
From the wording of this hadith, it is apparent that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) did have a desire for the caliphate. Thus, in some narrations, it is mentioned that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) said:
“Is there anyone besides us who covets this caliphate?”
Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) replied, “That is also my assumption.”
In the narration of Ibn Sa‘d, it is mentioned that when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) passed away, Abbas (radi Allahu anhu) said to Ali (radi Allahu anhu):
“Extend your hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you.
Then others will also pledge allegiance.”
But Ali (radi Allahu anhu) did not do so. After that, Ali (radi Allahu anhu) used to say, “If only I had accepted the advice of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu).”
(al-Tabaqat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa‘d: 4/28)
➍
The Shi‘a claim that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) is the legatee (wasi) of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),
meaning that he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made a bequest of the caliphate for him.
If this assumption were correct, then what need was there for him to say that if the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) deprived us, then after him, people would never make us caliph?
In any case, the claim of the Shi‘a regarding the bequest is baseless and fabricated.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/179)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4447
