Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
This is the opinion of Abu Ishaq; the correct view is that during his stay in Makkah, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed many Hajj pilgrimages. He used to perform Hajj every year. (Wahidi)

Hadith Commentary:
➊
From the narration of Abu Ishaq, it appears as if the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed only one Hajj before the Hijrah, whereas in reality, he performed multiple Hajj before the Hijrah, because while residing in Makkah, he never abandoned Hajj.

➋
For the Quraysh, performing Hajj to the House of Allah was a source of pride and distinction; through it, they were recognized among other tribes.
When the Quraysh, despite being disbelievers, did not abandon Hajj, would the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) have abandoned it? Certainly not. In fact, Jabir bin Mut’im (radi Allahu anhu) states that he saw the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) at the time of Hajj standing in the plain of Arafat, while the Quraysh would not go beyond Muzdalifah. Furthermore, it cannot be denied that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would invite various tribes to Islam during the time of Hajj.
All three pledges (bay‘ah) with the Ansar also took place during the time of Hajj.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/134)

Hadith Commentary:
That is, in these military expeditions, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself personally participated, whether fighting actually took place or not.
In the narration of Abu Ya’la, twenty-one such expeditions are reported in which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) personally took part.
Some have said that he personally participated in twenty-seven expeditions, and dispatched forty-seven military detachments in which he himself did not participate. Of the expeditions in which actual fighting occurred, there were nine:
Badr, Uhud, Muraysi‘, Khandaq (the Trench), Banu Qurayzah, Khaybar, the Conquest of Makkah, Hunayn, and Ta’if.

Hadith Commentary: The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out upon hearing news of a caravan of the Quraysh disbelievers, but although the caravan was not encountered, the Battle of Badr occurred as a result of this.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The cause of the Battle of Badr was the expedition of ‘Ushayrah.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out in pursuit of Abu Sufyan, the chief of Quraysh, who was returning to Makkah from Syria with a caravan of merchandise.
Abu Jahl and others set out to support him.
The caravan carrying the merchandise managed to escape.
However, at the place of Badr, a great battle between Islam and disbelief took place, in which Abu Jahl and many prominent warriors of Quraysh were killed.
The power of disbelief was broken and the ascendancy of Islam began.

➋
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) began the Book of Expeditions (Kitab al-Maghazi) with the expedition of ‘Ushayrah and brought the narration of Zayd ibn Arqam (radi Allahu anhu), even though there is consensus among the scholars of Sira that approximately three expeditions had already taken place before this.
On this basis, the statement of Zayd ibn Arqam (radi Allahu anhu) can be explained in that perhaps at that time Zayd (radi Allahu anhu) had not yet become Muslim, or he did not consider it appropriate to mention the smaller expeditions, or he narrated according to his own knowledge and was not aware of the expeditions that took place before ‘Ushayrah.

➌
It appears that Imam Bukhari’s (rahimahullah) intention was not to mention the very first expedition, but rather he specifically mentioned the expedition of ‘Ushayrah because it served as a prelude to the major Battle of Badr.
He also mentioned the statement of Ibn Ishaq for this reason, so that any misconception about the first expedition arising from the narration of Zayd ibn Arqam could be dispelled.

➍
The expeditions and campaigns before the expedition of ‘Ushayrah are as follows:
©. The campaign of Sayf al-Bahr, Ramadan, 1 AH.
©. The campaign of Rabigh, Shawwal, 1 AH.
©. The expedition of Abwa’, Safar, 2 AH.
©. The campaign of Dhi al-‘Usirah, Dhu al-Qa‘dah, 1 AH.
©. The expedition of Buwat, Rabi‘ al-Awwal, 2 AH.
©. The expedition of Safwan, Rabi‘ al-Awwal, 2 AH.
©. After this, the expedition of ‘Ushayrah took place in Jumada al-Ula, 2 AH.
Then the campaign of Nakhlah occurred in Rajab, 2 AH.
Finally, the major Battle of Badr took place, which was the true decisive battle between truth and falsehood, which the Qur’an has named the Day of Criterion (Yawm al-Furqan).

➎
It should be noted that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) personally fought in eight battles, foremost among them being Badr, Uhud, Ahzab, Banu Mustaliq, Khaybar, Makkah, Hunayn, and Ta’if.
The battle with Banu Qurayzah was part of the Battle of Ahzab.
And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary:

Benefits and Issues:
By "ghazwah" is meant that battle in which the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam personally participated, and there is a difference of opinion regarding their number. The reason for this is that some have overlooked minor expeditions, or have combined nearby expeditions into one another. For example, Hazrat Zayd ibn Arqam radi Allahu anhu considered the first ghazwah to be Dhat al-Usayr or Dhat al-‘Ashir, even though before this there had already occurred the Ghazwah of Abwa/Waddan, the Ghazwah of Buwat, and the Ghazwah of tracking Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri, and the Ghazwah of Dhat al-Usayr was the fourth ghazwah. Musa ibn Uqbah, Muhammad ibn Ishaq, and Muhammad ibn Sa’d and others have written the detailed number of expeditions as twenty-seven (27), among which the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam participated in battle in nine expeditions, and if the Ghazwah of Ahzab and the Ghazwah of Banu Qurayzah are counted as one, then the number becomes eight. This is the correct number. Some have also written the numbers as nineteen (19), twenty-one (21), twenty-two (22), twenty-four (24), twenty-five (25), and twenty-six (26).