صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب المغازيThe Book of Al- Maghazi
بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} :Chapter. The Statement of Allah: (“Truly, Allah has given you victory on many battlefields), and on the day of Hunain (battle) when you rejoiced at your great number… (up to)… Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (V.9:22-27)
Hadith 4322
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ : حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ ، أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُقَاتِلُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَآخَرُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَخْتِلُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ لِيَقْتُلَهُ ، فَأَسْرَعْتُ إِلَى الَّذِي يَخْتِلُهُ ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ لِيَضْرِبَنِي وَأَضْرِبُ يَدَهُ فَقَطَعْتُهَا ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَنِي فَضَمَّنِي ضَمًّا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى تَخَوَّفْتُ ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ فَتَحَلَّلَ وَدَفَعْتُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَتَلْتُهُ ، وَانْهَزَمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَانْهَزَمْتُ مَعَهُمْ ، فَإِذَا بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي النَّاسِ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ ؟ قَالَ : أَمْرُ اللَّهِ ، ثُمَّ تَرَاجَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَقَامَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ " ، فَقُمْتُ لِأَلْتَمِسَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى قَتِيلِي ، فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا يَشْهَدُ لِي ، فَجَلَسْتُ ، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي فَذَكَرْتُ أَمْرَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُلَسَائِهِ : سِلَاحُ هَذَا الْقَتِيلِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : كَلَّا لَا يُعْطِهِ أُصَيْبِغَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ، وَيَدَعَ أَسَدًا مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَيَّ ، فَاشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْهُ خِرَافًا ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ .
Narrated Abu Qatada: When it was the day of (the battle of) Hunain, I saw a Muslim man fighting with one of the pagans and another pagan was hiding himself behind the Muslim in order to kill him. So I hurried towards the pagan who was hiding behind the Muslim to kill him, and he raised his hand to hit me but I hit his hand and cut it off. That man got hold of me and pressed me so hard that I was afraid (that I would die), then he knelt down and his grip became loose and I pushed him and killed him. The Muslims (excepting the Prophet and some of his companions) started fleeing and I too, fled with them. Suddenly I met `Umar bin Al-Khattab amongst the people and I asked him, "What is wrong with the people?" He said, "It is the order of Allah" Then the people returned to Allah's Apostle (after defeating the enemy). Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever produces a proof that he has killed an infidel, will have the spoils of the killed man." So I got up to look for an evidence to prove that I had killed an infidel, but I could not find anyone to bear witness for me, so I sat down. Then it came to my mind (that I should speak of it) and I mentioned the case to Allah's Apostle. A man from the persons who were sitting with him (i.e. the Prophet), said, "The arms of the deceased one whom he ( i.e. Abu Qatada) has mentioned, are with me, so please compensate him for it (i.e. the spoils)," Abu Bakr said, "No, Allah's Apostle will not give it (i.e. the spoils) to a weak humble person from Quraish and leave one of Allah's Lions who fights on behalf of Allah and His Apostle." Allah's Apostle then got up and gave that (spoils) to me, and I bought with it, a garden which was the first property I got after embracing Islam.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Further information regarding the Battle of Hunayn is as follows.
After the Battle of Badr, the second battle which is mentioned in the Qur’an not merely by allusion but with explicit mention of its name is the Battle of Hunayn.
Hunayn is the name of a valley located in Jabal Awtas, about 30-40 miles to the north and east of the city of Ta’if.
This was the home of the famous Arab tribe of warriors and fighters, Hawazin, whose mastery in archery was renowned far and wide.
Upon hearing the news of the conquest of Makkah, they thought to themselves that if the Quraysh could not withstand the Muslims, then there would be no hope for them either, and so they themselves began preparations for war and combat. They intended to suddenly attack the Muslims, who were still gathered in Makkah, and in this plan, another powerful and warlike tribe, Banu Thaqif, joined them. The alliance of Hawazin and Thaqif greatly increased the enemy’s military strength.
When the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) received reliable information about this, he, like a good general, himself advanced and went out, and at the place of Hunayn, arrayed his forces before the enemy.
The number of your army was twelve thousand.
Of these, ten thousand were the same devoted companions who had come from Madinah, and two thousand people from Makkah also joined, but not all of them were Muslims; some were still, as before, idolaters, and some, instead of being new Muslims, were half-hearted Muslims.
In any case, the Muslims began to take pride in this large assembly of fighters, thinking that when we used to achieve victory with small numbers, now that our numbers are so great, how could there be any doubt about victory?
But when the battle began, some of its phases proved extremely difficult for the Islamic army, and the Muslims’ pride in their numbers did not benefit them in the least.
There came a moment when the Islamic army had to descend into a narrow, low-lying valley, and the enemy, from their ambush, suddenly began to rain arrows upon them.
However, then divine help descended, and in the end, victory belonged to the Muslims.
The Qur’an has depicted all these ups and downs in its own words:
﴿لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ (25)
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (at-Tawbah: 25)
“Allah has certainly helped you on many occasions and on the day of Hunayn, when your great numbers pleased you, but they availed you nothing, and the earth, vast as it is, became constrained for you; then you turned back in retreat.
Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and He sent down armies which you did not see, and He punished those who disbelieved. That is the recompense for the disbelievers.”
The time of the Battle of Hunayn is Shawwal, 8 AH, corresponding to January 630 CE.
(Qur’anic Biography of the Prophet)
Regarding this hadith, Allamah Qastallani writes:
Al-Hafiz Abu Abdullah al-Humaydi al-Andalusi said:
I heard some people of knowledge say, when mentioning this hadith:
If there were no other virtue of as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) except this, it would suffice for his virtues, for it demonstrates his knowledge, his firmness, his strength in justice, the soundness of his success, and the truthfulness of his realization. He hastened to speak the truth, rebuked, issued a fatwa, judged, and executed, and he informed about the Shari’ah from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in his presence and before him, and the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) affirmed him in this and implemented it according to his statement. This is among his greatest unique qualities, in addition to his countless other virtues. (Qastallani)
That is, Hafiz Abu Abdullah Humaydi al-Andalusi said that I heard from some scholars, regarding the mention of this hadith, that if there were no other hadith among the virtues of as-Siddiq al-Akbar (radi Allahu anhu) except this one, it would suffice for his virtues, for it reveals his knowledge, his maturity, his strength in justice, his excellent success, his realization of the truth, and other praiseworthy qualities.
He showed such courage in speaking the truth, and along with issuing a fatwa, he rebuked the one who spoke incorrectly, and the greatest merit is that he raised the voice of truth in the exalted court of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself affirmed and implemented exactly as he said.
These matters hold great significance among the unique qualities of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
May Allah send countless peace and mercy upon the soul of as-Siddiq al-Akbar (radi Allahu anhu).
Ameen. (Raaz)
Further information regarding the Battle of Hunayn is as follows.
After the Battle of Badr, the second battle which is mentioned in the Qur’an not merely by allusion but with explicit mention of its name is the Battle of Hunayn.
Hunayn is the name of a valley located in Jabal Awtas, about 30-40 miles to the north and east of the city of Ta’if.
This was the home of the famous Arab tribe of warriors and fighters, Hawazin, whose mastery in archery was renowned far and wide.
Upon hearing the news of the conquest of Makkah, they thought to themselves that if the Quraysh could not withstand the Muslims, then there would be no hope for them either, and so they themselves began preparations for war and combat. They intended to suddenly attack the Muslims, who were still gathered in Makkah, and in this plan, another powerful and warlike tribe, Banu Thaqif, joined them. The alliance of Hawazin and Thaqif greatly increased the enemy’s military strength.
When the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) received reliable information about this, he, like a good general, himself advanced and went out, and at the place of Hunayn, arrayed his forces before the enemy.
The number of your army was twelve thousand.
Of these, ten thousand were the same devoted companions who had come from Madinah, and two thousand people from Makkah also joined, but not all of them were Muslims; some were still, as before, idolaters, and some, instead of being new Muslims, were half-hearted Muslims.
In any case, the Muslims began to take pride in this large assembly of fighters, thinking that when we used to achieve victory with small numbers, now that our numbers are so great, how could there be any doubt about victory?
But when the battle began, some of its phases proved extremely difficult for the Islamic army, and the Muslims’ pride in their numbers did not benefit them in the least.
There came a moment when the Islamic army had to descend into a narrow, low-lying valley, and the enemy, from their ambush, suddenly began to rain arrows upon them.
However, then divine help descended, and in the end, victory belonged to the Muslims.
The Qur’an has depicted all these ups and downs in its own words:
﴿لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ (25)
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (at-Tawbah: 25)
“Allah has certainly helped you on many occasions and on the day of Hunayn, when your great numbers pleased you, but they availed you nothing, and the earth, vast as it is, became constrained for you; then you turned back in retreat.
Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and He sent down armies which you did not see, and He punished those who disbelieved. That is the recompense for the disbelievers.”
The time of the Battle of Hunayn is Shawwal, 8 AH, corresponding to January 630 CE.
(Qur’anic Biography of the Prophet)
Regarding this hadith, Allamah Qastallani writes:
Al-Hafiz Abu Abdullah al-Humaydi al-Andalusi said:
I heard some people of knowledge say, when mentioning this hadith:
If there were no other virtue of as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) except this, it would suffice for his virtues, for it demonstrates his knowledge, his firmness, his strength in justice, the soundness of his success, and the truthfulness of his realization. He hastened to speak the truth, rebuked, issued a fatwa, judged, and executed, and he informed about the Shari’ah from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in his presence and before him, and the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) affirmed him in this and implemented it according to his statement. This is among his greatest unique qualities, in addition to his countless other virtues. (Qastallani)
That is, Hafiz Abu Abdullah Humaydi al-Andalusi said that I heard from some scholars, regarding the mention of this hadith, that if there were no other hadith among the virtues of as-Siddiq al-Akbar (radi Allahu anhu) except this one, it would suffice for his virtues, for it reveals his knowledge, his maturity, his strength in justice, his excellent success, his realization of the truth, and other praiseworthy qualities.
He showed such courage in speaking the truth, and along with issuing a fatwa, he rebuked the one who spoke incorrectly, and the greatest merit is that he raised the voice of truth in the exalted court of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself affirmed and implemented exactly as he said.
These matters hold great significance among the unique qualities of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
May Allah send countless peace and mercy upon the soul of as-Siddiq al-Akbar (radi Allahu anhu).
Ameen. (Raaz)
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4322
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
In this hadith, the temporary defeat of the Muslims during the Battle of Hunayn is described as dispersion and turmoil. This dispersion was also present among some of those who had newly embraced Islam. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and his close companions were protected from this. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took a handful of dust in his palm and threw it at the faces of the polytheists and said: "May their faces be blackened." Miraculously, all the polytheists began to rub their eyes.
➋
In any case, Allah, the Exalted, caused the people of the tribe of Hawazin to be defeated and they fled. On that day, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) announced: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, he may take his belongings." On that day, Abu Talhah (radi Allahu anhu) killed twenty polytheists and took possession of their belongings. The incident of Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) is also from that day; he killed a polytheist who had a lot of weapons, which another man seized. Then, at the suggestion of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu), those belongings were handed over to Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu). Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) sold those belongings to Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah (radi Allahu anhu) for seven awqiyah of silver, and then bought a garden with it. (Fath al-Bari: 8/51)
➊
In this hadith, the temporary defeat of the Muslims during the Battle of Hunayn is described as dispersion and turmoil. This dispersion was also present among some of those who had newly embraced Islam. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and his close companions were protected from this. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took a handful of dust in his palm and threw it at the faces of the polytheists and said: "May their faces be blackened." Miraculously, all the polytheists began to rub their eyes.
➋
In any case, Allah, the Exalted, caused the people of the tribe of Hawazin to be defeated and they fled. On that day, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) announced: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, he may take his belongings." On that day, Abu Talhah (radi Allahu anhu) killed twenty polytheists and took possession of their belongings. The incident of Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) is also from that day; he killed a polytheist who had a lot of weapons, which another man seized. Then, at the suggestion of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu), those belongings were handed over to Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu). Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) sold those belongings to Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah (radi Allahu anhu) for seven awqiyah of silver, and then bought a garden with it. (Fath al-Bari: 8/51)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4322
