صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب المغازيThe Book of Al- Maghazi
بَابُ غَزْوَةُ خَيْبَرَ:Chapter. Ghazwa of Khaibar.
Hadith 4240
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَام بِنْتَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ , وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , قَالَ : " لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ " ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا ، فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ فَهَجَرَتْهُ ، فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ ، وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ دَفَنَهَا زَوْجُهَا عَلِيٌّ لَيْلًا ، وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا ، وَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتِ اسْتَنْكَرَ عَلِيٌّ وُجُوهَ النَّاسِ فَالْتَمَسَ مُصَالَحَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمُبَايَعَتَهُ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُبَايِعُ تِلْكَ الْأَشْهُرَ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنِ ائْتِنَا وَلَا يَأْتِنَا أَحَدٌ مَعَكَ كَرَاهِيَةً لِمَحْضَرِ عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا تَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَحْدَكَ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَمَا عَسَيْتَهُمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا بِي ، وَاللَّهِ لآتِيَنَّهُمْ ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ : إِنَّا قَدْ عَرَفْنَا فَضْلَكَ وَمَا أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ وَلَمْ نَنْفَسْ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا سَاقَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ ، وَلَكِنَّكَ اسْتَبْدَدْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْرِ ، وَكُنَّا نَرَى لِقَرَابَتِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَصِيبًا حَتَّى فَاضَتْ عَيْنَا أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ : وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ فَلَمْ آلُ فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ ، وَلَمْ أَتْرُكْ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : مَوْعِدُكَ الْعَشِيَّةَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الظُّهْرَ رَقِيَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَشَهَّدَ وَذَكَرَ شَأْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، وَتَخَلُّفَهُ عَنِ الْبَيْعَةِ وَعُذْرَهُ بِالَّذِي اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ وَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ ، فَعَظَّمَ حَقَّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَحَدَّثَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ عَلَى الَّذِي صَنَعَ نَفَاسَةً عَلَىأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَلَا إِنْكَارًا لِلَّذِي فَضَّلَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَلَكِنَّا نَرَى لَنَا فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ نَصِيبًا ، فَاسْتَبَدَّ عَلَيْنَا ، فَوَجَدْنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا ، فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَقَالُوا : أَصَبْتَ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ قَرِيبًا حِينَ رَاجَعَ الْأَمْرَ الْمَعْرُوفَ .
Narrated `Aisha: Fatima the daughter of the Prophet sent someone to Abu Bakr (when he was a caliph), asking for her inheritance of what Allah's Apostle had left of the property bestowed on him by Allah from the Fai (i.e. booty gained without fighting) in Medina, and Fadak, and what remained of the Khumus of the Khaibar booty. On that, Abu Bakr said, "Allah's Apostle said, "Our property is not inherited. Whatever we leave, is Sadaqa, but the family of (the Prophet) Muhammad can eat of this property.' By Allah, I will not make any change in the state of the Sadaqa of Allah's Apostle and will leave it as it was during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle, and will dispose of it as Allah's Apostle used to do." So Abu Bakr refused to give anything of that to Fatima. So she became angry with Abu Bakr and kept away from him, and did not task to him till she died. She remained alive for six months after the death of the Prophet. When she died, her husband `Ali, buried her at night without informing Abu Bakr and he said the funeral prayer by himself. When Fatima was alive, the people used to respect `Ali much, but after her death, `Ali noticed a change in the people's attitude towards him. So `Ali sought reconciliation with Abu Bakr and gave him an oath of allegiance. `Ali had not given the oath of allegiance during those months (i.e. the period between the Prophet's death and Fatima's death). `Ali sent someone to Abu Bakr saying, "Come to us, but let nobody come with you," as he disliked that `Umar should come, `Umar said (to Abu Bakr), "No, by Allah, you shall not enter upon them alone " Abu Bakr said, "What do you think they will do to me? By Allah, I will go to them' So Abu Bakr entered upon them, and then `Ali uttered Tashah-hud and said (to Abu Bakr), "We know well your superiority and what Allah has given you, and we are not jealous of the good what Allah has bestowed upon you, but you did not consult us in the question of the rule and we thought that we have got a right in it because of our near relationship to Allah's Apostle ." Thereupon Abu Bakr's eyes flowed with tears. And when Abu Bakr spoke, he said, "By Him in Whose Hand my soul is to keep good relations with the relatives of Allah's Apostle is dearer to me than to keep good relations with my own relatives. But as for the trouble which arose between me and you about his property, I will do my best to spend it according to what is good, and will not leave any rule or regulation which I saw Allah's Apostle following, in disposing of it, but I will follow." On that `Ali said to Abu Bakr, "I promise to give you the oath of allegiance in this after noon." So when Abu Bakr had offered the Zuhr prayer, he ascended the pulpit and uttered the Tashah-hud and then mentioned the story of `Ali and his failure to give the oath of allegiance, and excused him, accepting what excuses he had offered; Then `Ali (got up) and praying (to Allah) for forgiveness, he uttered Tashah-hud, praised Abu Bakr's right, and said, that he had not done what he had done because of jealousy of Abu Bakr or as a protest of that Allah had favored him with. `Ali added, "But we used to consider that we too had some right in this affair (of rulership) and that he (i.e. Abu Bakr) did not consult us in this matter, and therefore caused us to feel sorry." On that all the Muslims became happy and said, "You have done the right thing." The Muslims then became friendly with `Ali as he returned to what the people had done (i.e. giving the oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr).
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
In the narration of Muslim, it is mentioned that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) stood up after his sermon and pledged allegiance (bay‘ah) at the hand of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
As soon as he pledged allegiance, all of Banu Hashim also pledged allegiance, and thus there was consensus of all the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) upon the caliphate of Abu Bakr.
Now, whoever does not consider his caliphate to be valid is in opposition to all the Companions, and such a person falls under the severe warning of this verse:
﴿وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى﴾ (al-Nisa: 115)
Ibn Hibban narrated from Abu Sa‘id that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) had pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) from the very beginning.
Al-Bayhaqi declared this narration to be authentic, so now the repeated pledge of allegiance would have been for emphasis.
In the narration of Muslim, it is mentioned that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) stood up after his sermon and pledged allegiance (bay‘ah) at the hand of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
As soon as he pledged allegiance, all of Banu Hashim also pledged allegiance, and thus there was consensus of all the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) upon the caliphate of Abu Bakr.
Now, whoever does not consider his caliphate to be valid is in opposition to all the Companions, and such a person falls under the severe warning of this verse:
﴿وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى﴾ (al-Nisa: 115)
Ibn Hibban narrated from Abu Sa‘id that Ali (radi Allahu anhu) had pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) from the very beginning.
Al-Bayhaqi declared this narration to be authentic, so now the repeated pledge of allegiance would have been for emphasis.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 4240
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
By "mal-e-fay" is meant that wealth which comes into the hands of the Muslims without war and fighting.
In Madinah Tayyibah, these were the properties that came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) after the expulsion of Banu Nadir; similarly, the land of Fadak also came to him as fay, and some of the lands of Khaybar also came into his possession in this manner.
➋
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) has mentioned this hadith under the chapter of the Battle of Khaybar in order to clarify the status of these conquered lands.
He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to spend the land of Khaybar on the people of Khaybar and for public welfare.
After the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), all his left-behind properties became charity (sadaqah); it was not permissible to establish ownership rights over them, as is evident from his noble statement:
“We (the Prophets) have no heirs; whatever we leave behind is charity.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-I'tisam bil-Kitab wa al-Sunnah, Hadith: 7305.)
From these left-behind properties, the economic needs of the family of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) were fulfilled, and whatever remained was spent on public welfare.
➌
It is mentioned in Sahih Muslim that Ali (radi Allahu anhu), after finishing his sermon, stood up and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu); thus, there was consensus (ijma‘) of all the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) on the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
(Sahih Muslim, Fada’il al-Jihad, Hadith: 4581(1759))
Now, whoever does not consider their caliphate to be valid is opposing all the noble Companions and their unanimous decision.
And he falls under the severe warning of the following verse:
“Whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows a path other than that of the believers, We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell—what an evil destination.”
(al-Nisa: 115: 4. )
On the basis of this narration, the Rawafid have expressed great anger and rage regarding Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu); we will, at an appropriate occasion, respond to this, by the permission of Allah the Exalted.
➊
By "mal-e-fay" is meant that wealth which comes into the hands of the Muslims without war and fighting.
In Madinah Tayyibah, these were the properties that came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) after the expulsion of Banu Nadir; similarly, the land of Fadak also came to him as fay, and some of the lands of Khaybar also came into his possession in this manner.
➋
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) has mentioned this hadith under the chapter of the Battle of Khaybar in order to clarify the status of these conquered lands.
He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to spend the land of Khaybar on the people of Khaybar and for public welfare.
After the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), all his left-behind properties became charity (sadaqah); it was not permissible to establish ownership rights over them, as is evident from his noble statement:
“We (the Prophets) have no heirs; whatever we leave behind is charity.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-I'tisam bil-Kitab wa al-Sunnah, Hadith: 7305.)
From these left-behind properties, the economic needs of the family of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) were fulfilled, and whatever remained was spent on public welfare.
➌
It is mentioned in Sahih Muslim that Ali (radi Allahu anhu), after finishing his sermon, stood up and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu); thus, there was consensus (ijma‘) of all the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) on the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
(Sahih Muslim, Fada’il al-Jihad, Hadith: 4581(1759))
Now, whoever does not consider their caliphate to be valid is opposing all the noble Companions and their unanimous decision.
And he falls under the severe warning of the following verse:
“Whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows a path other than that of the believers, We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell—what an evil destination.”
(al-Nisa: 115: 4. )
On the basis of this narration, the Rawafid have expressed great anger and rage regarding Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu); we will, at an appropriate occasion, respond to this, by the permission of Allah the Exalted.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 4240
