Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
The promise that Allah the Exalted made was fulfilled word for word.
On the day of Badr, Allah the Exalted sent down help for the first time with one thousand angels.
Then He increased it to three thousand, and then provided help with five thousand angels.
Therefore, the noble verse ﴿أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ﴾ (Al-Anfal 9)
is not in contradiction to the verse in Surah Al-Imran in which five thousand are mentioned.

Hadith Commentary:
1.
In this verse of Surah Qamar, there was a clear prophecy.
At the time when this verse was revealed, the apparent circumstances of the Muslims were so dire that the fulfillment of this prophecy seemed impossible.
The Muslims had been confined in the valley of Abu Talib to save their lives.
They had been subjected to a social boycott.
Eighty-three Muslims (men and women), compelled by the oppression and tyranny of the Quraysh, had migrated to Abyssinia.
It was in such circumstances that this verse was revealed.
But Allah, the Exalted, fulfilled it word for word at the place of Badr.
2.
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) saw his devoted Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma'in) in the field of Badr, that they were fewer in preparation and numbers than the disbelievers, he prayed with utmost humility and supplication in a hut made of grass.
Although he had complete certainty in Allah’s promise of help and support, his gaze was upon Allah’s attribute of absolute independence, because no one can compel Allah, the Exalted, to fulfill a promise.
This station of fear is beyond the station of hope, and is far superior to the station of hope, whereas Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) was at the station of hope.
And, according to his own understanding, he was consoling the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) that Allah would surely fulfill His promise, but the station of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was far beyond this, for before him were Allah’s greatness, majesty, and absolute independence.
In any case, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) kept his gaze upon the station of fear, whereas Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was dominated by the station of hope.
And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary::

That is, O Allah! Today, fulfill Your promise through Your grace and bounty.

The promise was that either the caravan would arrive or there would be victory over the disbelievers.

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had complete trust in Allah’s promise.

However, seeing the Muslims’ lack of resources and small numbers, and the abundance of the disbelievers, he, in accordance with human nature, said, “Lam nu‘bad ba‘d al-yawm”—meaning that in the world, today, these three hundred and thirteen men are Your pure worshippers; if You also destroy them, then it is Your will.

Since after me no other prophet is to come, then until the Day of Judgment, there will be nothing but polytheism, and no one will worship You.

Allah accepted the supplications of His beloved Prophet, and at Badr, He gave such a defeat to the disbelievers that their backs were broken for the future, and the paths of progress for the people of Islam were opened.

From this hadith, it is established that wearing armor in the battlefield is permissible.

Nowadays is the mechanical age; therefore, the old methods of the battlefield have also changed.

Hadith Commentary:
➊ The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) knew that no prophet would come after him. Therefore, he stated that after the demise of these devoted companions, there would be nothing but polytheism (shirk) on this earth until the Day of Judgment. There would be no one left to acknowledge the True Deity.

➋ Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) seeks to establish from this hadith that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) possessed a coat of mail (zırh), which he wore on the occasion of the Battle of Badr. Therefore, wearing a coat of mail in the battlefield is permissible, and doing so is not contrary to reliance upon Allah (tawakkul).

➌ A coat of mail (zırh) refers to that iron shirt which, when worn, covers the entire body in the battlefield, so that the body is protected from the effects of spears, lances, or arrows. In ancient times, it was customary to wear a coat of mail during war; nowadays, the use of such armor has ceased.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The disbelievers of Quraysh, who took revenge on the Muslims, themselves became victims of Allah’s retribution and wrath on the Day of Badr.
The prophecy made seven years earlier was fulfilled word for word.
In this battle, seventy prominent disbelievers were killed.
The Pharaoh of this Ummah, Abu Jahl, was sent to Hell by two young boys from the Ansar, and an equal number—seventy—of disbelievers were captured while fleeing.

➋
This punishment befell them in this world, but the real punishment that awaits them on the Day of Resurrection will be even more terrifying than this worldly punishment, and its pain will be even greater.
Wallahu al-musta‘an.

Hadith Commentary:
This is an indication towards the hardships of the Day of Resurrection and the punishments of Hell.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has presented two hadiths under this chapter heading:
In the first hadith, the time of the prophecy is mentioned, and in the second hadith, the time when its fulfillment became manifest is described.
➋
The extent of humiliation that the leaders of Quraysh had to face in this world and the Hereafter is clarified by the following hadith. Hazrat Abu Talhah radi Allahu anhu says:
By the command of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the twenty-four (24) slain leaders of Quraysh at Badr were thrown into a very dark and filthy well. Then the Prophet stood at its edge and began to call out to the slain leaders of the disbelievers of Quraysh by name:
“O so-and-so! O so-and-so! O so-and-so! O so-and-so! Was it not better for you today that you had obeyed Allah and His Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in the world? Indeed, what our Lord promised us has been fulfilled for us in full—so has the promise (of punishment) that your Lord made to you also been fulfilled in full?” (Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 3976)

Hadith Commentary:

Benefits and Issues:
This hadith is explicit evidence that Ibn Umar (radi Allahu anhuma) understood the meaning of "mathna" (two by two) to be that one should end the prayer with salam after every two units (rak‘ah), and then at the end, perform a separate single rak‘ah. Therefore, this hadith cannot be interpreted to mean that after the last set of two units, without saying salam, one should add a single rak‘ah to make the witr three.

Explanation:
1:
Remember the time when you were seeking help from your Lord, so Allah accepted your request,
and said:
“I will help you with a thousand angels, coming one after another in succession.”
So Allah aided them with angels ().
2:
That is, the incident of the Muslims being aided by angels occurred on the Day of Badr.