صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب مناقب الأنصارThe Merits of Al-Ansar
بَابُ هِجْرَةُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ:Chapter. The emigration of the Prophet and hiscompanions to Al-Madina.
Hadith 3911
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : " أَقْبَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ مُرْدِفٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ , وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ شَيْخٌ يُعْرَفُ وَنَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَابٌّ لَا يُعْرَفُ ، قَالَ : فَيَلْقَى الرَّجُلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَيَقُولُ : يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ , مَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ : هَذَا الرَّجُلُ يَهْدِينِي السَّبِيلَ ، قَالَ : فَيَحْسِبُ الْحَاسِبُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي الطَّرِيقَ , وَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي سَبِيلَ الْخَيْرِ , فَالْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِفَارِسٍ قَدْ لَحِقَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ , هَذَا فَارِسٌ قَدْ لَحِقَ بِنَا , فَالْتَفَتَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اصْرَعْهُ " , فَصَرَعَهُ الْفَرَسُ , ثُمَّ قَامَتْ تُحَمْحِمُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ مُرْنِي بِمَا شِئْتَ ، قَالَ : فَقِفْ مَكَانَكَ لَا تَتْرُكَنَّ أَحَدًا يَلْحَقُ بِنَا ، قَالَ : فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ جَاهِدًا عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , وَكَانَ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ مَسْلَحَةً لَهُ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَانِبَ الْحَرَّةِ , ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ , فَجَاءُوا إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمَا ، وَقَالُوا : ارْكَبَا آمِنَيْنِ مُطَاعَيْنِ , فَرَكِبَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَحَفُّوا دُونَهُمَا بِالسِّلَاحِ ، فَقِيلَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ : جَاءَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ , جَاءَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَأَشْرَفُوا يَنْظُرُونَ وَيَقُولُونَ : جَاءَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ , جَاءَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ , فَأَقْبَلَ يَسِيرُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ جَانِبَ دَارِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ فَإِنَّهُ لَيُحَدِّثُ أَهْلَهُ إِذْ سَمِعَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَهُوَ فِي نَخْلٍ لِأَهْلِهِ يَخْتَرِفُ لَهُمْ , فَعَجِلَ أَنْ يَضَعَ الَّذِي يَخْتَرِفُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا , فَجَاءَ وَهِيَ مَعَهُ فَسَمِعَ مِنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ ، فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيُّ بُيُوتِ أَهْلِنَا أَقْرَبُ ؟ " فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ : أَنَا يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ دَارِي وَهَذَا بَابِي ، قَالَ : فَانْطَلِقْ فَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مَقِيلًا ، قَالَ : قُومَا عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ , فَلَمَّا جَاءَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّكَ جِئْتَ بِحَقٍّ , وَقَدْ عَلِمَتْ يَهُودُ أَنِّي سَيِّدُهُمْ وَابْنُ سَيِّدِهِمْ , وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ وَابْنُ أَعْلَمِهِمْ , فَادْعُهُمْ فَاسْأَلْهُمْ عَنِّي قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ , فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ ، قَالُوا فِيَّ مَا لَيْسَ فِيَّ , فَأَرْسَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَأَقْبَلُوا فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ : رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ , وَيْلَكُمْ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ , فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ حَقًّا , وَأَنِّي جِئْتُكُمْ بِحَقٍّ فَأَسْلِمُوا " ، قَالُوا : مَا نَعْلَمُهُ ، قَالُوا : لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَهَا : ثَلَاثَ مِرَارٍ ، قَالَ : " فَأَيُّ رَجُلٍ فِيكُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ ؟ قَالُوا : ذَاكَ سَيِّدُنَا وَابْنُ سَيِّدِنَا , وَأَعْلَمُنَا وَابْنُ أَعْلَمِنَا ، قَالَ : " أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ ؟ " قَالُوا : حَاشَى لِلَّهِ مَا كَانَ لِيُسْلِمَ ، قَالَ : " أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ ؟ " قَالُوا : حَاشَى لِلَّهِ مَا كَانَ لِيُسْلِمَ ، قَالَ : " أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ ؟ " قَالُوا : حَاشَى لِلَّهِ مَا كَانَ لِيُسْلِمَ ، قَالَ : " يَا ابْنَ سَلَامٍ , اخْرُجْ عَلَيْهِمْ " , فَخَرَجَ فَقَالَ : يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ , اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ , فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ بِحَقٍّ ، فَقَالُوا : كَذَبْتَ , فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " .
Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle arrived at Medina with Abu Bakr, riding behind him on the same camel. Abu Bakr was an elderly man known to the people, while Allah's Apostle was a youth that was unknown. Thus, if a man met Abu Bakr, he would day, "O Abu Bakr! Who is this man in front of you?" Abu Bakr would say, "This man shows me the Way," One would think that Abu Bakr meant the road, while in fact, Abu Bakr meant the way of virtue and good. Then Abu Bakr looked behind and saw a horse-rider persuing them. He said, "O Allah's Apostle! This is a horse-rider persuing us." The Prophet looked behind and said, "O Allah! Cause him to fall down." So the horse threw him down and got up neighing. After that the rider, Suraqa said, "O Allah's Prophet! Order me whatever you want." The Prophet said, "Stay where you are and do not allow anybody to reach us." So, in the first part of the day Suraqa was an enemy of Allah's Prophet and in the last part of it, he was a protector. Then Allah's Apostle alighted by the side of the Al-Harra and sent a message to the Ansar, and they came to Allah's Prophet and Abu Bakr, and having greeted them, they said, "Ride (your she-camels) safe and obeyed." Allah's Apostle and Abu Bakr rode and the Ansar, carrying their arms, surrounded them. The news that Allah's Prophet had come circulated in Medina. The people came out and were eagerly looking and saying "Allah's Prophet has come! Allah's Prophet has come! So the Prophet went on till he alighted near the house of Abu Aiyub. While the Prophet was speaking with the family members of Abu Aiyub, `Abdullah bin Salam heard the news of his arrival while he himself was picking the dates for his family from his family garden. He hurried to the Prophet carrying the dates which he had collected for his family from the garden. He listened to Allah's Prophet and then went home. Then Allah's Prophet said, "Which is the nearest of the houses of our Kith and kin?" Abu Aiyub replied, "Mine, O Allah's Prophet! This is my house and this is my gate." The Prophet said, "Go and prepare a place for our midday rest." Abu Aiyub said, "Get up (both of you) with Allah's Blessings." So when Allah's Prophet went into the house, `Abdullah bin Salaim came and said "I testify that you (i.e. Muhammad) are Apostle of Allah and that you have come with the Truth. The Jews know well that I am their chief and the son of their chief and the most learned amongst them and the son of the most learned amongst them. So send for them (i.e. Jews) and ask them about me before they know that I have embraced Islam, for if they know that they will say about me things which are not correct." So Allah's Apostle sent for them, and they came and entered. Allah's Apostle said to them, "O (the group of) Jews! Woe to you: be afraid of Allah. By Allah except Whom none has the right to be worshipped, you people know for certain, that I am Apostle of Allah and that I have come to you with the Truth, so embrace Islam." The Jews replied, "We do not know this." So they said this to the Prophet and he repeated it thrice. Then he said, "What sort of a man is `Abdullah bin Salam amongst you?" They said, "He is our chief and the son of our chief and the most learned man, and the son of the most learned amongst us." He said, "What would you think if he should embrace Islam?" They said, "Allah forbid! He can not embrace Islam." He said, " What would you think if he should embrace Islam?" They said, "Allah forbid! He can not embrace Islam." He said, "What would you think if he should embrace Islam?" They said, "Allah forbid! He can not embrace Islam." He said, "O Ibn Salaim! Come out to them." He came out and said, "O (the group of) Jews! Be afraid of Allah except Whom none has the right to be worshipped. You know for certain that he is Apostle of Allah and that he has brought a True Religion!' They said, "You tell a lie." On that Allah's Apostle turned them out.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary: Note:
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was two years and several months older than Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu), but at that time his hair was still black, so it appeared as though he was a young man, whereas Abu Bakr’s (radi Allahu anhu) beard had become quite white. The narrator has expressed it in these terms. Since Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was a merchant and often traveled throughout the regions of Arabia, people recognized him.
In the mentioned hadith, several matters related to the event of the Hijrah are described. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) began his journey from Makkah al-Mukarramah to Madinah al-Munawwarah on Thursday, the 27th of Safar, 13 Nabawi, corresponding to 12 September 622 CE. A few miles from Makkah is Mount Thawr. At the beginning of his journey, he chose a cave in this mountain as his place of stay, where he remained for three nights.
After that, on Monday, the 1st of Rabi’ al-Awwal, corresponding to 16 September 622 CE, he set out for Madinah al-Munawwarah. Along the way, many favorable and unfavorable circumstances arose, but by the grace of Allah, after a week’s journey, he safely and peacefully reached a settlement near Madinah called Quba on Monday, the 8th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 13 Nabawi, corresponding to 23 September 622 CE, and stayed there until Thursday. During this time, he laid the foundation of Masjid Quba. On Friday, the 12th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 1 AH, he departed from Quba and reached the dwellings of Banu Salim, where the time for Jumu’ah arrived, and he performed the Friday prayer there with one hundred Muslims, which was the first Jumu’ah in Islam. After completing Jumu’ah, he entered the city from the southern side of Yathrib, and today the city of Yathrib is known as Madinat an-Nabi.
Whatever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to the Jews was based on those prophecies that were present in the Torah. Thus, in the Book of Habakkuk, chapter 3, verse 3, it is written: “Allah came from the south, and the Holy One from Mount Paran. His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of His praise.” Here, these are indications regarding the entry into Madinah.
In the Book of Isaiah, chapter 42, verse 11, it is stated: “The inhabitants of Sela will sing a song.” This song was sung upon the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The name of Madinah in the earlier prophets’ books is Sela. In the Battle of the Trench, the place where the Muslims dug the trench, there was a hill called Mount Sela, which was commonly known among the people of Madinah. Based on these very prophecies, Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) accepted Islam.
According to the narration of Tirmidhi, Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) heard the pure speech of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in his own words, and upon hearing it, he became a passionate devotee of Islam.
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ، وَصِلُوا الْأَرْحَامَ، وَأَطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ، وَصَلُّوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ» That is, “O people! Spread peace, feed others, maintain ties of kinship, and pray at night when people are asleep. As a result of these actions, you will enter Paradise in peace.”
The first host of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (radi Allahu anhu), was indeed very fortunate to have been granted this honor before anyone else.
In age, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was two years younger than the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), but old age had overtaken him. His hair had turned white. He often traveled throughout Arabia for trade, so people were more familiar with him.
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (radi Allahu anhu) was from the Banu Najjar. The mother of the Messenger of Allah’s (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) grandfather was from this family, so this tribe was considered his maternal relatives.
The name of Abu Ayyub (radi Allahu anhu) is Khalid bin Zayd bin Kulayb al-Ansari. He passed away in 51 AH in Constantinople, and at that time he was with Yazid bin Muawiyah. When his father, Amir Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu), was engaged in jihad in Constantinople, he set out with him and fell ill. When his illness intensified, he advised his companions that when he passed away, they should carry his bier, and when they lined up before the enemy, they should bury him beneath their feet. The people did exactly as he instructed. His grave is near the walls of Constantinople, which remains famous to this day.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was two years and several months older than Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu), but at that time his hair was still black, so it appeared as though he was a young man, whereas Abu Bakr’s (radi Allahu anhu) beard had become quite white. The narrator has expressed it in these terms. Since Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was a merchant and often traveled throughout the regions of Arabia, people recognized him.
In the mentioned hadith, several matters related to the event of the Hijrah are described. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) began his journey from Makkah al-Mukarramah to Madinah al-Munawwarah on Thursday, the 27th of Safar, 13 Nabawi, corresponding to 12 September 622 CE. A few miles from Makkah is Mount Thawr. At the beginning of his journey, he chose a cave in this mountain as his place of stay, where he remained for three nights.
After that, on Monday, the 1st of Rabi’ al-Awwal, corresponding to 16 September 622 CE, he set out for Madinah al-Munawwarah. Along the way, many favorable and unfavorable circumstances arose, but by the grace of Allah, after a week’s journey, he safely and peacefully reached a settlement near Madinah called Quba on Monday, the 8th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 13 Nabawi, corresponding to 23 September 622 CE, and stayed there until Thursday. During this time, he laid the foundation of Masjid Quba. On Friday, the 12th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 1 AH, he departed from Quba and reached the dwellings of Banu Salim, where the time for Jumu’ah arrived, and he performed the Friday prayer there with one hundred Muslims, which was the first Jumu’ah in Islam. After completing Jumu’ah, he entered the city from the southern side of Yathrib, and today the city of Yathrib is known as Madinat an-Nabi.
Whatever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to the Jews was based on those prophecies that were present in the Torah. Thus, in the Book of Habakkuk, chapter 3, verse 3, it is written: “Allah came from the south, and the Holy One from Mount Paran. His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of His praise.” Here, these are indications regarding the entry into Madinah.
In the Book of Isaiah, chapter 42, verse 11, it is stated: “The inhabitants of Sela will sing a song.” This song was sung upon the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The name of Madinah in the earlier prophets’ books is Sela. In the Battle of the Trench, the place where the Muslims dug the trench, there was a hill called Mount Sela, which was commonly known among the people of Madinah. Based on these very prophecies, Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) accepted Islam.
According to the narration of Tirmidhi, Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) heard the pure speech of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in his own words, and upon hearing it, he became a passionate devotee of Islam.
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ، وَصِلُوا الْأَرْحَامَ، وَأَطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ، وَصَلُّوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ» That is, “O people! Spread peace, feed others, maintain ties of kinship, and pray at night when people are asleep. As a result of these actions, you will enter Paradise in peace.”
The first host of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (radi Allahu anhu), was indeed very fortunate to have been granted this honor before anyone else.
In age, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was two years younger than the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), but old age had overtaken him. His hair had turned white. He often traveled throughout Arabia for trade, so people were more familiar with him.
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (radi Allahu anhu) was from the Banu Najjar. The mother of the Messenger of Allah’s (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) grandfather was from this family, so this tribe was considered his maternal relatives.
The name of Abu Ayyub (radi Allahu anhu) is Khalid bin Zayd bin Kulayb al-Ansari. He passed away in 51 AH in Constantinople, and at that time he was with Yazid bin Muawiyah. When his father, Amir Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu), was engaged in jihad in Constantinople, he set out with him and fell ill. When his illness intensified, he advised his companions that when he passed away, they should carry his bier, and when they lined up before the enemy, they should bury him beneath their feet. The people did exactly as he instructed. His grave is near the walls of Constantinople, which remains famous to this day.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 3911
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was two years and a few months older than Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
However, Abu Bakr appeared elderly in appearance because his hair had become quite white, whereas all the hair of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was black.
From this, it was apparent that he was a young man.
➋
Since Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was a merchant by profession and would often travel to the surrounding regions of Arabia, people knew and recognized him.
➌
In this hadith, the incident of the Islam of Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) is mentioned. Upon hearing of your arrival, he came to your presence and asked three questions, saying:
Only a prophet knows their answers. First, when will the Hour (Qiyamah) come and what are its signs? Second, what will be the first food served to the people of Paradise? Third, why is it that sometimes a child resembles his father and sometimes his mother? When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave satisfactory answers to all three questions, he accepted Islam.
➍
After this, the conduct of the Jews is described.
Whatever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to the Jews was based on those prophecies that were present in the Torah at that time.
It was on the basis of these very prophecies that Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) accepted Islam.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/315)
➊
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was two years and a few months older than Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
However, Abu Bakr appeared elderly in appearance because his hair had become quite white, whereas all the hair of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was black.
From this, it was apparent that he was a young man.
➋
Since Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was a merchant by profession and would often travel to the surrounding regions of Arabia, people knew and recognized him.
➌
In this hadith, the incident of the Islam of Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) is mentioned. Upon hearing of your arrival, he came to your presence and asked three questions, saying:
Only a prophet knows their answers. First, when will the Hour (Qiyamah) come and what are its signs? Second, what will be the first food served to the people of Paradise? Third, why is it that sometimes a child resembles his father and sometimes his mother? When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave satisfactory answers to all three questions, he accepted Islam.
➍
After this, the conduct of the Jews is described.
Whatever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to the Jews was based on those prophecies that were present in the Torah at that time.
It was on the basis of these very prophecies that Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) accepted Islam.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/315)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 3911
