Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
After the conquest of Makkah, there was no longer any need to migrate towards Madinah. This absolutely does not mean that the legitimacy (mashru‘iyyah) of migration (hijrah) has ended, because migrating from the land of disbelief (dar al-kufr) to the land of Islam (dar al-salam) is still obligatory, provided there is a fear of harm to one’s religion.

It is established from the statement of Aisha (radi Allahu anha) that it is obligatory to migrate from a country where the worship of Allah cannot be performed freely; otherwise, it is not obligatory.

If a Muslim can openly practice his religion in the land of war (dar al-harb) and can worship Allah without hindrance, then its ruling will be like that of the land of Islam (dar al-salam). In fact, staying there is superior to migration, because by remaining there, it can be hoped that, as a result of preaching Islam, people will enter into Islam. Therefore, such ahadith should be viewed in their local context.

And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Thubayr is a large mountain near Muzdalifah, which lies to the left of one going towards Mina.
In this hadith as well, a specific migration (hijrah) is intended, which came to an end after the conquest of Makkah. However, leaving one’s familiar homeland and migrating from it with the intention of seeking knowledge or to remain safe from tribulation and corruption is still valid, and this type of migration will always remain.

➋
In any case, even now, wherever there is a land of disbelief (dar al-harb), if a person is able to migrate with the intention of safeguarding his religion, then migration is obligatory (wajib) upon him so that he may remain safe from all kinds of dangers. If he is unable, then it is permissible to reside there with dislike (karahah), but if he endures hardships and leaves, he will receive great reward from Allah.

Hadith Commentary:

This question pertained specifically to migration (hijrah) towards Madinah Sharif after the conquest of Makkah, and the answer given is as mentioned in the narration. As for the general situation, migrating from the land of disbelief (dar al-kufr) to the land of Islam (dar al-Islam) is still permissible when necessary, provided that circumstances exist which make it essential.

In the above narrations, the conquest of Makkah has been mentioned in one way or another; for this reason, they have been included under this chapter.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
In one narration, it is reported that Aisha (radi Allahu anha) said:
Since Allah, the Exalted, granted His Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) the conquest of Makkah, migration (hijrah) has ended.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Jihad wal-Siyar, Hadith: 3080.)
That is, in the early days of Islam, the Muslims were weak and suffered hardships due to embracing Islam. Out of fear of tribulation, people would migrate to protect their religion. Now that Allah, the Exalted, has granted the conquest of Makkah and Islam is dominant rather than subdued, those aforementioned dangers have ceased. Therefore, the reward for striving in Allah’s path (jihad) and the intention of migration (hijrah) from among the disbelievers remains established.

➋
Whether jihad is actual (jihad bil-fi‘l) or potential (jihad bil-quwwah), it is not correct to confine it only to fighting and combat. Rather, jihad with wealth (jihad bil-mal), jihad with the tongue (jihad bil-lisan), and jihad with the pen (jihad bil-qalam) are all included. Even if jihad is not carried out practically, its intention must certainly be present. However, intention does not mean that a person simply resolves (to do so) and sits at home without making any preparation for it. The standard for intention has been set as:
﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ﴾ (al-Anfal: 60/8)
Preparation for it is certainly necessary.
And Allah knows best.