صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب فضائل الصحابةThe Virtues and Merits of The Companions of The Prophet
بَابُ قِصَّةُ الْبَيْعَةِ، وَالاِتِّفَاقُ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ:Chapter. The story of the Bai’a (pledge) (after Umar) and the unanimous election of of Uthman bin Affan as a caliph.
Hadith 3700
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَابَ بِأَيَّامٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَقَفَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ ، قَالَ : " كَيْفَ فَعَلْتُمَا أَتَخَافَانِ أَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ ؟ ، قَالَا : حَمَّلْنَاهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ مَا فِيهَا كَبِيرُ فَضْلٍ ، قَالَ : انْظُرَا أَنْ تَكُونَا حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ ، قَالَ : قَالَا لَا ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : لَئِنْ سَلَّمَنِي اللَّهُ لَأَدَعَنَّ أَرَامِلَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ لَا يَحْتَجْنَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بَعْدِي أَبَدًا ، قَالَ : فَمَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا رَابِعَةٌ حَتَّى أُصِيبَ ، قَالَ : إِنِّي لَقَائِمٌ مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ غَدَاةَ أُصِيبَ وَكَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ ، قَالَ : اسْتَوُوا حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِنَّ خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ وَرُبَّمَا قَرَأَ سُورَةَ يُوسُفَ أَوْ النَّحْلَ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَبَّرَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ ، يَقُولُ : قَتَلَنِي أَوْ أَكَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ حِينَ طَعَنَهُ فَطَارَ الْعِلْجُ بِسِكِّينٍ ذَاتِ طَرَفَيْنِ لَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ يَمِينًا وَلَا شِمَالًا إِلَّا طَعَنَهُ , حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَةٌ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسًا ، فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ الْعِلْجُ أَنَّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفْسَهُ وَتَنَاوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، فَقَدَّمَهُ فَمَنْ يَلِي عُمَرَ فَقَدْ رَأَى الَّذِي أَرَى وَأَمَّا نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ فَقَدُوا صَوْتَ عُمَرَ ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ : سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ , فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا ، قَالَ : يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ انْظُرْ مَنْ قَتَلَنِي فَجَالَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ ، فَقَالَ : غُلَامُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، قَالَ : الصَّنَعُ ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : قَاتَلَهُ اللَّهُ لَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلْ مِيتَتِي بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ يَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ قَدْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ وَأَبُوكَ تُحِبَّانِ أَنْ تَكْثُرَ الْعُلُوجُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ رَقِيقًا ، فَقَالَ : إِنْ شِئْتَ فَعَلْتُ أَيْ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَتَلْنَا ، قَالَ : كَذَبْتَ بَعْدَ مَا تَكَلَّمُوا بِلِسَانِكُمْ وَصَلَّوْا قِبْلَتَكُمْ وَحَجُّوا حَجَّكُمْ فَاحْتُمِلَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ وَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ تُصِبْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَبْلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَائِلٌ ، يَقُولُ : لَا بَأْسَ وَقَائِلٌ ، يَقُولُ : أَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ فَأُتِيَ بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَهُ , فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ , ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِلَبَنٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ , فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَجَاءَ النَّاسُ يُثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ ، فَقَالَ : أَبْشِرْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِبُشْرَى اللَّهِ لَكَ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدَمٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ ثُمَّ وَلِيتَ فَعَدَلْتَ ثُمَّ شَهَادَةٌ ، قَالَ : وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَفَافٌ لَا عَلَيَّ وَلَا لِي فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ إِذَا إِزَارُهُ يَمَسُّ الْأَرْضَ ، قَالَ : رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ الْغُلَامَ ، قَالَ : يَا ابْنَ أَخِي ارْفَعْ ثَوْبَكَ فَإِنَّهُ أَبْقَى لِثَوْبِكَ وَأَتْقَى لِرَبِّكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ انْظُرْ مَا عَلَيَّ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ فَحَسَبُوهُ فَوَجَدُوهُ سِتَّةً وَثَمَانِينَ أَلْفًا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ ، قَالَ : إِنْ وَفَى لَهُ مَالُ آلِ عُمَرَ فَأَدِّهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَإِلَّا فَسَلْ فِي بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ , فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفِ أَمْوَالُهُمْ فَسَلْ فِي قُرَيْشٍ وَلَا تَعْدُهُمْ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ فَأَدِّ عَنِّي هَذَا الْمَالَ , انْطَلِقْ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقُلْ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكِ عُمَرُ السَّلَامَ وَلَا تَقُلْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ الْيَوْمَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمِيرًا , وَقُلْ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ مَعَ صَاحِبَيْهِ فَسَلَّمَ وَاسْتَأْذَنَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَوَجَدَهَا قَاعِدَةً تَبْكِي ، فَقَالَ : يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ السَّلَامَ وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ مَعَ صَاحِبَيْهِ ، فَقَالَتْ : كُنْتُ أُرِيدُهُ لِنَفْسِي وَلَأُوثِرَنَّ بِهِ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى نَفْسِي , فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ قِيلَ هَذَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَدْ جَاءَ ، قَالَ : ارْفَعُونِي فَأَسْنَدَهُ رَجُلٌ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : مَا لَدَيْكَ ، قَالَ : الَّذِي تُحِبُّ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَذِنَتْ ، قَالَ : الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَهَمُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا أَنَا قَضَيْتُ فَاحْمِلُونِي ثُمَّ سَلِّمْ فَقُلْ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَإِنْ أَذِنَتْ لِي فَأَدْخِلُونِي وَإِنْ رَدَّتْنِي رُدُّونِي إِلَى مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ , وَجَاءَتْ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَفْصَةُ وَالنِّسَاءُ تَسِيرُ مَعَهَا فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَاهَا قُمْنَا , فَوَلَجَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَبَكَتْ عِنْدَهُ سَاعَةً وَاسْتَأْذَنَ الرِّجَالُ فَوَلَجَتْ دَاخِلًا لَهُمْ فَسَمِعْنَا بُكَاءَهَا مِنَ الدَّاخِلِ ، فَقَالُوا : أَوْصِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اسْتَخْلِفْ ، قَالَ : مَا أَجِدُ أَحَدًا أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرِ أَوِ الرَّهْطِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ فَسَمَّى عَلِيًّا , وَعُثْمَانَ , وَالزُّبَيْرَ , وَطَلْحَةَ , وَسَعْدًا , وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَقَالَ : يَشْهَدُكُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ كَهَيْئَةِ التَّعْزِيَةِ لَهُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتِ الْإِمْرَةُ سَعْدًا فَهُوَ ذَاكَ وَإِلَّا فَلْيَسْتَعِنْ بِهِ أَيُّكُمْ مَا أُمِّرَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَعْزِلْهُ عَنْ عَجْزٍ وَلَا خِيَانَةٍ ، وَقَالَ : " أُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ أَنْ يَعْرِفَ لَهُمْ حَقَّهُمْ وَيَحْفَظَ لَهُمْ حُرْمَتَهُمْ , وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَنْصَارِ خَيْرًا الَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ أَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِأَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّهُمْ رِدْءُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَجُبَاةُ الْمَالِ وَغَيْظُ الْعَدُوِّ , وَأَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا فَضْلُهُمْ عَنْ رِضَاهُمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَعْرَابِ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّهُمْ أَصْلُ الْعَرَبِ وَمَادَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ حَوَاشِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَتُرَدَّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ , وَأُوصِيهِ بِذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُوفَى لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُقَاتَلَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ وَلَا يُكَلَّفُوا إِلَّا طَاقَتَهُمْ " , فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ خَرَجْنَا بِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا نَمْشِي فَسَلَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : يَسْتَأْذِنُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَتْ : أَدْخِلُوهُ فَأُدْخِلَ فَوُضِعَ هُنَالِكَ مَعَ صَاحِبَيْهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِغَ مِنْ دَفْنِهِ اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطُ ، فَقَالَ : عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ اجْعَلُوا أَمْرَكُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْكُمْ ، فَقَالَ : الزُّبَيْرُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ، فَقَالَ : طَلْحَةُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عُثْمَانَ ، وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ : قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : أَيُّكُمَا تَبَرَّأَ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ فَنَجْعَلُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَالْإِسْلَامُ لَيَنْظُرَنَّ أَفْضَلَهُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَأُسْكِتَ الشَّيْخَانِ ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : أَفَتَجْعَلُونَهُ إِلَيَّ وَاللَّهُ عَلَيَّ أَنْ لَا آلُ عَنْ أَفْضَلِكُمْ ، قَالَا : نَعَمْ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا ، فَقَالَ : لَكَ قَرَابَةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْقَدَمُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ فَاللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ لَئِنْ أَمَّرْتُكَ لَتَعْدِلَنَّ وَلَئِنْ أَمَّرْتُ عُثْمَانَ لَتَسْمَعَنَّ وَلَتُطِيعَنَّ ثُمَّ خَلَا بِالْآخَرِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَخَذَ الْمِيثَاقَ ، قَالَ : ارْفَعْ يَدَكَ يَا عُثْمَانُ فَبَايَعَهُ فَبَايَعَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَوَلَجَ أَهْلُ الدَّارِ فَبَايَعُوهُ .
Narrated `Amr bin Maimun: I saw `Umar bin Al-Khattab a few days before he was stabbed in Medina. He was standing with Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman and `Uthman bin Hunaif to whom he said, "What have you done? Do you think that you have imposed more taxation on the land (of As-Swad i.e. 'Iraq) than it can bear?" They replied, "We have imposed on it what it can bear because of its great yield." `Umar again said, "Check whether you have imposed on the land what it can not bear." They said, "No, (we haven't)." `Umar added, "If Allah should keep me alive I will let the widows of Iraq need no men to support them after me." But only four days had elapsed when he was stabbed (to death ). The day he was stabbed, I was standing and there was nobody between me and him (i.e. `Umar) except `Abdullah bin `Abbas. Whenever `Umar passed between the two rows, he would say, "Stand in straight lines." When he saw no defect (in the rows), he would go forward and start the prayer with Takbir. He would recite Surat Yusuf or An-Nahl or the like in the first rak`a so that the people may have the time to Join the prayer. As soon as he said Takbir, I heard him saying, "The dog has killed or eaten me," at the time he (i.e. the murderer) stabbed him. A non-Arab infidel proceeded on carrying a double-edged knife and stabbing all the persons he passed by on the right and left (till) he stabbed thirteen persons out of whom seven died. When one of the Muslims saw that, he threw a cloak on him. Realizing that he had been captured, the non-Arab infidel killed himself, `Umar held the hand of `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf and let him lead the prayer. Those who were standing by the side of `Umar saw what I saw, but the people who were in the other parts of the Mosque did not see anything, but they lost the voice of `Umar and they were saying, "Subhan Allah! Subhan Allah! (i.e. Glorified be Allah)." `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf led the people a short prayer. When they finished the prayer, `Umar said, "O Ibn `Abbas! Find out who attacked me." Ibn `Abbas kept on looking here and there for a short time and came to say. "The slave of Al Mughira." On that `Umar said, "The craftsman?" Ibn `Abbas said, "Yes." `Umar said, "May Allah curse him. I did not treat him unjustly. All the Praises are for Allah Who has not caused me to die at the hand of a man who claims himself to be a Muslim. No doubt, you and your father (Abbas) used to love to have more non-Arab infidels in Medina." Al-Abbas had the greatest number of slaves. Ibn `Abbas said to `Umar. "If you wish, we will do." He meant, "If you wish we will kill them." `Umar said, "You are mistaken (for you can't kill them) after they have spoken your language, prayed towards your Qibla, and performed Hajj like yours." Then `Umar was carried to his house, and we went along with him, and the people were as if they had never suffered a calamity before. Some said, "Do not worry (he will be Alright soon)." Some said, "We are afraid (that he will die)." Then an infusion of dates was brought to him and he drank it but it came out (of the wound) of his belly. Then milk was brought to him and he drank it, and it also came out of his belly. The people realized that he would die. We went to him, and the people came, praising him. A young man came saying, "O chief of the believers! Receive the glad tidings from Allah to you due to your company with Allah's Apostle and your superiority in Islam which you know. Then you became the ruler (i.e. Caliph) and you ruled with justice and finally you have been martyred." `Umar said, "I wish that all these privileges will counterbalance (my shortcomings) so that I will neither lose nor gain anything." When the young man turned back to leave, his clothes seemed to be touching the ground. `Umar said, "Call the young man back to me." (When he came back) `Umar said, "O son of my brother! Lift your clothes, for this will keep your clothes clean and save you from the Punishment of your Lord." `Umar further said, "O `Abdullah bin `Umar! See how much I am in debt to others." When the debt was checked, it amounted to approximately eighty-six thousand. `Umar said, "If the property of `Umar's family covers the debt, then pay the debt thereof; otherwise request it from Bani `Adi bin Ka`b, and if that too is not sufficient, ask for it from Quraish tribe, and do not ask for it from any one else, and pay this debt on my behalf." `Umar then said (to `Abdullah), "Go to `Aisha (the mother of the believers) and say: "`Umar is paying his salutation to you. But don't say: 'The chief of the believers,' because today I am not the chief of the believers. And say: "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks the permission to be buried with his two companions (i.e. the Prophet, and Abu Bakr)." `Abdullah greeted `Aisha and asked for the permission for entering, and then entered to her and found her sitting and weeping. He said to her, "`Umar bin Al-Khattab is paying his salutations to you, and asks the permission to be buried with his two companions." She said, "I had the idea of having this place for myself, but today I prefer `Umar to myself." When he returned it was said (to `Umar), "`Abdullah bin `Umar has come." `Umar said, "Make me sit up." Somebody supported him against his body and `Umar asked (`Abdullah), "What news do you have?" He said, "O chief of the believers! It is as you wish. She has given the permission." `Umar said, "Praise be to Allah, there was nothing more important to me than this. So when I die, take me, and greet `Aisha and say: "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks the permission (to be buried with the Prophet ), and if she gives the permission, bury me there, and if she refuses, then take me to the grave-yard of the Muslims." Then Hafsa (the mother of the believers) came with many other women walking with her. When we saw her, we went away. She went in (to `Umar) and wept there for sometime. When the men asked for permission to enter, she went into another place, and we heard her weeping inside. The people said (to `Umar), "O chief of the believers! Appoint a successor." `Umar said, "I do not find anyone more suitable for the job than the following persons or group whom Allah's Apostle had been pleased with before he died." Then `Umar mentioned `Ali, `Uthman, AzZubair, Talha, Sa`d and `Abdur-Rahman (bin `Auf) and said, "Abdullah bin `Umar will be a witness to you, but he will have no share in the rule. His being a witness will compensate him for not sharing the right of ruling. If Sa`d becomes the ruler, it will be alright: otherwise, whoever becomes the ruler should seek his help, as I have not dismissed him because of disability or dishonesty." `Umar added, "I recommend that my successor takes care of the early emigrants; to know their rights and protect their honor and sacred things. I also recommend that he be kind to the Ansar who had lived in Medina before the emigrants and Belief had entered their hearts before them. I recommend that the (ruler) should accept the good of the righteous among them and excuse their wrong-doers, and I recommend that he should do good to all the people of the towns (Al-Ansar), as they are the protectors of Islam and the source of wealth and the source of annoyance to the enemy. I also recommend that nothing be taken from them except from their surplus with their consent. I also recommend that he do good to the 'Arab bedouin, as they are the origin of the 'Arabs and the material of Islam. He should take from what is inferior, amongst their properties and distribute that to the poor amongst them. I also recommend him concerning Allah's and His Apostle's protectees (i.e. Dhimmis) to fulfill their contracts and to fight for them and not to overburden them with what is beyond their ability." So when `Umar expired, we carried him out and set out walking. `Abdullah bin `Umar greeted (`Aisha) and said, "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks for the permission." `Aisha said, "Bring him in." He was brought in and buried beside his two companions. When he was buried, the group (recommended by `Umar) held a meeting. Then `Abdur-Rahman said, " Reduce the candidates for rulership to three of you." Az-Zubair said, "I give up my right to `Ali." Talha said, "I give up my right to `Uthman," Sa`d, 'I give up my right to `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf." `Abdur-Rahman then said (to `Uthman and `Ali), "Now which of you is willing to give up his right of candidacy to that he may choose the better of the (remaining) two, bearing in mind that Allah and Islam will be his witnesses." So both the sheiks (i.e. `Uthman and `Ali) kept silent. `Abdur-Rahman said, "Will you both leave this matter to me, and I take Allah as my Witness that I will not choose but the better of you?" They said, "Yes." So `Abdur-Rahman took the hand of one of them (i.e. `Ali) and said, "You are related to Allah's Apostle and one of the earliest Muslims as you know well. So I ask you by Allah to promise that if I select you as a ruler you will do justice, and if I select `Uthman as a ruler you will listen to him and obey him." Then he took the other (i.e. `Uthman) aside and said the same to him. When `Abdur-Rahman secured (their agreement to) this covenant, he said, "O `Uthman! Raise your hand." So he (i.e. `Abdur-Rahman) gave him (i.e. `Uthman) the solemn pledge, and then `Ali gave him the pledge of allegiance and then all the (Medina) people gave him the pledge of allegiance.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
The incident of the martyrdom of Umar radi Allahu anhu is extremely heart-rending.
The accursed Persian slave of Mughirah radi Allahu anhu, named Abu Lulu, struck three blows with a poisoned dagger which he had prepared. Umar radi Allahu anhu gestured with his hand and said, “Catch that dog, he has killed me.”
What happened was that the accursed man was a highly skilled craftsman—he was a blacksmith, an engraver, and a carpenter. Mughirah had set a monthly tribute of two dirhams upon him. He complained to Umar radi Allahu anhu that his tribute was too heavy and requested some reduction. Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “Since you possess so much skill, two dirhams per month is not too much for you.” This angered the accursed man.
Once, he met Umar radi Allahu anhu on the road. Umar asked, “I have heard that you can make a windmill.” He replied, “I will make such a mill for you that people will always remember it.” Upon hearing this, Umar radi Allahu anhu said to his companions, “This slave has threatened me.”
Only a few nights later, the accursed man carried out his deed.
Muslim has narrated from Ma’dan that Umar radi Allahu anhu delivered a sermon before his martyrdom. He said, “A rooster pecked me three times in a dream, and I understand that my death has come.” Thus, after several days of being wounded, he passed away, and Suhayb radi Allahu anhu led his funeral prayer.
It is said that in the grave, Abu Bakr’s radi Allahu anhu head is at the level of the shoulder of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and Umar’s radi Allahu anhu head is at the level of his feet.
In any case, all three noble ones are buried in the chamber of Aisha radi Allahu anha, the location of whose graves remains preserved in every way until now and, insha Allah, will remain preserved until the Day of Judgment.
The rest of the Companions, the Ahl al-Bayt, and the pure wives are buried in Baqi’.
However, in Baqi’, due to storms, rain, and various events, the marks of the graves have been erased several times. Some people, based on estimation, built domes and so on. Their locations are not preserved with certainty.
It is certain, however, that all these noble ones are in blessed Baqi’.
The name of Allah remains.
These imaginary domes have been removed by the Saudi government.
Ayyadahullah bi-nasrih al-aziz.
Regarding the group that Umar radi Allahu anhu appointed to decide the matter of the caliphate, he told his son Abdullah radi Allahu anhu to be present only as an observer.
That is, even what was said for Abdullah—that he would participate with you in consultation, etc.—was only to console him.
He was in deep grief for his father. By saying this much, it was as if he wiped away some of his tears.
Tabari and Ibn Sa’d and others have narrated:
A person said, “Make Abdullah the caliph.”
Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “May Allah destroy you! What face will I show to Allah, the Exalted?” Subhan Allah! The limit of purity of soul and justice!
He did not consider even for a moment, even at the time of death, such a worthy and virtuous son, and as long as he lived, he gave Abdullah less allowance than Usamah ibn Zayd. The Companions also interceded, saying, “Abdullah is not less than Usamah. In the battles in which Usamah participated with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, Abdullah also participated.”
He replied, “The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam loved Usamah’s father more than Abdullah’s father, so I gave preference to the Prophet’s love over my own.”
Throughout Umar’s radi Allahu anhu caliphate, Abdullah was troubled by a small allowance and a large family, but he was never given even the governorship of a village.
Finally, in distress, he went to the governor of Yemen and explained his situation.
The governor said, “You know how strict your father is. I cannot give you a single coin from the public treasury. However, money is to be sent to Madinah. Do this: buy cloth here with that money, and when you reach Madinah, sell the goods and deposit the principal amount with your father, and keep the profit for yourself.” Abdullah considered even this a blessing.
When he came to Madinah, Umar radi Allahu anhu heard of it and said, “Deposit both the principal and the profit in the public treasury. This wealth does not belong to your father.”
The Companions interceded greatly, saying, “After all, he has come from so far and has brought the money safely. He should be given some compensation, and we are all content that half the profit be given.”
At that time, Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “Well, as you wish, but I consider it just that the entire profit be deposited in the public treasury.”
Alas, a thousand times alas, that the Shia speak ill of Umar radi Allahu anhu.
If only they would look into their own hearts, they would realize that every single act of Umar radi Allahu anhu is a sufficient and clear proof of his virtue, justice, and recognition of the truth.
“And whomever Allah does not grant light, for him there is no light.” ()
(Summary of Wahidi)
The incident of the martyrdom of Umar radi Allahu anhu is extremely heart-rending.
The accursed Persian slave of Mughirah radi Allahu anhu, named Abu Lulu, struck three blows with a poisoned dagger which he had prepared. Umar radi Allahu anhu gestured with his hand and said, “Catch that dog, he has killed me.”
What happened was that the accursed man was a highly skilled craftsman—he was a blacksmith, an engraver, and a carpenter. Mughirah had set a monthly tribute of two dirhams upon him. He complained to Umar radi Allahu anhu that his tribute was too heavy and requested some reduction. Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “Since you possess so much skill, two dirhams per month is not too much for you.” This angered the accursed man.
Once, he met Umar radi Allahu anhu on the road. Umar asked, “I have heard that you can make a windmill.” He replied, “I will make such a mill for you that people will always remember it.” Upon hearing this, Umar radi Allahu anhu said to his companions, “This slave has threatened me.”
Only a few nights later, the accursed man carried out his deed.
Muslim has narrated from Ma’dan that Umar radi Allahu anhu delivered a sermon before his martyrdom. He said, “A rooster pecked me three times in a dream, and I understand that my death has come.” Thus, after several days of being wounded, he passed away, and Suhayb radi Allahu anhu led his funeral prayer.
It is said that in the grave, Abu Bakr’s radi Allahu anhu head is at the level of the shoulder of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and Umar’s radi Allahu anhu head is at the level of his feet.
In any case, all three noble ones are buried in the chamber of Aisha radi Allahu anha, the location of whose graves remains preserved in every way until now and, insha Allah, will remain preserved until the Day of Judgment.
The rest of the Companions, the Ahl al-Bayt, and the pure wives are buried in Baqi’.
However, in Baqi’, due to storms, rain, and various events, the marks of the graves have been erased several times. Some people, based on estimation, built domes and so on. Their locations are not preserved with certainty.
It is certain, however, that all these noble ones are in blessed Baqi’.
The name of Allah remains.
These imaginary domes have been removed by the Saudi government.
Ayyadahullah bi-nasrih al-aziz.
Regarding the group that Umar radi Allahu anhu appointed to decide the matter of the caliphate, he told his son Abdullah radi Allahu anhu to be present only as an observer.
That is, even what was said for Abdullah—that he would participate with you in consultation, etc.—was only to console him.
He was in deep grief for his father. By saying this much, it was as if he wiped away some of his tears.
Tabari and Ibn Sa’d and others have narrated:
A person said, “Make Abdullah the caliph.”
Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “May Allah destroy you! What face will I show to Allah, the Exalted?” Subhan Allah! The limit of purity of soul and justice!
He did not consider even for a moment, even at the time of death, such a worthy and virtuous son, and as long as he lived, he gave Abdullah less allowance than Usamah ibn Zayd. The Companions also interceded, saying, “Abdullah is not less than Usamah. In the battles in which Usamah participated with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, Abdullah also participated.”
He replied, “The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam loved Usamah’s father more than Abdullah’s father, so I gave preference to the Prophet’s love over my own.”
Throughout Umar’s radi Allahu anhu caliphate, Abdullah was troubled by a small allowance and a large family, but he was never given even the governorship of a village.
Finally, in distress, he went to the governor of Yemen and explained his situation.
The governor said, “You know how strict your father is. I cannot give you a single coin from the public treasury. However, money is to be sent to Madinah. Do this: buy cloth here with that money, and when you reach Madinah, sell the goods and deposit the principal amount with your father, and keep the profit for yourself.” Abdullah considered even this a blessing.
When he came to Madinah, Umar radi Allahu anhu heard of it and said, “Deposit both the principal and the profit in the public treasury. This wealth does not belong to your father.”
The Companions interceded greatly, saying, “After all, he has come from so far and has brought the money safely. He should be given some compensation, and we are all content that half the profit be given.”
At that time, Umar radi Allahu anhu said, “Well, as you wish, but I consider it just that the entire profit be deposited in the public treasury.”
Alas, a thousand times alas, that the Shia speak ill of Umar radi Allahu anhu.
If only they would look into their own hearts, they would realize that every single act of Umar radi Allahu anhu is a sufficient and clear proof of his virtue, justice, and recognition of the truth.
“And whomever Allah does not grant light, for him there is no light.” ()
(Summary of Wahidi)
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 3700
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
In a narration from Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, it is mentioned that when Umar radi Allahu anhu was wounded, he was told, “Why do you not appoint someone as your successor (khalifah)?” He replied:
“If I appoint someone, then there is a precedent for this, as someone better than me did so”—meaning Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu. “And if I leave it to the opinion of the people, then there is also a precedent for this, as someone better than me did so”—meaning the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. “I have borne the burden of the caliphate throughout my life; now, after my death, I will not bear this burden.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Ahkam, Hadith: 7218)
Thus, following the example of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he entrusted the matter to the shura (consultative council), so that if any caliph were to commit objectionable acts, there would be no criticism upon him.
2.
Other discussions regarding the caliphate will be mentioned in the Book of Rulings (Kitab al-Ahkam); however, we will present the completion of the hadith here.
Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah radi Allahu anhu says that Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu came to me late at night and knocked on my door until I woke up.
He said:
“It seems you were sleeping. By Allah! I have slept very little during these nights. Go and call Zubair radi Allahu anhu and Sa’d radi Allahu anhu.” I went and called both of these elders. Then he consulted with them, and then called me and said: “Go and call Ali radi Allahu anhu as well.”
I went and called him too.
He spoke to him in a confidential manner until half the night had passed. Then Ali radi Allahu anhu stood up from him in such a state that he expected to receive the caliphate, and Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu also had some apprehension in his heart regarding this matter about him. Then he said to me: “Go and call Uthman.”
I went and called him, and then he spoke to him confidentially.
Finally, the morning caller for prayer separated them.
Eventually, when the people had performed the morning prayer, they gathered near the pulpit. He summoned the Ansar and Muhajirun present there, as well as the military leaders who had performed Hajj with Umar that year.
When all the people had gathered, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu delivered a sermon and began his address with these words:
“O Ali radi Allahu anhu! I have ascertained the opinions of the people, and I have found that they prefer Uthman radi Allahu anhu and do not consider anyone equal to him. Therefore, do not harbor any resentment in your heart.” Then (to Uthman) he said:
“I pledge allegiance to you upon adherence to the religion of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and the methodology of the two caliphs before you.”
Thus, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu was the first to pledge allegiance to him, followed by the Muhajirun, the Ansar, the military leaders, and, in short, all the Muslims.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Ahkam, Hadith: 7207)
3.
In the hadith, the words (Ahl al-Dar) appear, which means “the people of your house came and pledged allegiance.” However, some commentators have interpreted (Ahl al-Dar) to mean the people of Madinah.
And Allah knows best.
1.
In a narration from Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, it is mentioned that when Umar radi Allahu anhu was wounded, he was told, “Why do you not appoint someone as your successor (khalifah)?” He replied:
“If I appoint someone, then there is a precedent for this, as someone better than me did so”—meaning Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu. “And if I leave it to the opinion of the people, then there is also a precedent for this, as someone better than me did so”—meaning the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. “I have borne the burden of the caliphate throughout my life; now, after my death, I will not bear this burden.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Ahkam, Hadith: 7218)
Thus, following the example of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he entrusted the matter to the shura (consultative council), so that if any caliph were to commit objectionable acts, there would be no criticism upon him.
2.
Other discussions regarding the caliphate will be mentioned in the Book of Rulings (Kitab al-Ahkam); however, we will present the completion of the hadith here.
Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah radi Allahu anhu says that Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu came to me late at night and knocked on my door until I woke up.
He said:
“It seems you were sleeping. By Allah! I have slept very little during these nights. Go and call Zubair radi Allahu anhu and Sa’d radi Allahu anhu.” I went and called both of these elders. Then he consulted with them, and then called me and said: “Go and call Ali radi Allahu anhu as well.”
I went and called him too.
He spoke to him in a confidential manner until half the night had passed. Then Ali radi Allahu anhu stood up from him in such a state that he expected to receive the caliphate, and Abdur Rahman radi Allahu anhu also had some apprehension in his heart regarding this matter about him. Then he said to me: “Go and call Uthman.”
I went and called him, and then he spoke to him confidentially.
Finally, the morning caller for prayer separated them.
Eventually, when the people had performed the morning prayer, they gathered near the pulpit. He summoned the Ansar and Muhajirun present there, as well as the military leaders who had performed Hajj with Umar that year.
When all the people had gathered, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu delivered a sermon and began his address with these words:
“O Ali radi Allahu anhu! I have ascertained the opinions of the people, and I have found that they prefer Uthman radi Allahu anhu and do not consider anyone equal to him. Therefore, do not harbor any resentment in your heart.” Then (to Uthman) he said:
“I pledge allegiance to you upon adherence to the religion of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and the methodology of the two caliphs before you.”
Thus, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf radi Allahu anhu was the first to pledge allegiance to him, followed by the Muhajirun, the Ansar, the military leaders, and, in short, all the Muslims.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Ahkam, Hadith: 7207)
3.
In the hadith, the words (Ahl al-Dar) appear, which means “the people of your house came and pledged allegiance.” However, some commentators have interpreted (Ahl al-Dar) to mean the people of Madinah.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 3700
