Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
The Noble Qur’an has described the incident of the she-camel’s killing in these words:
﴿كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا (11)
إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا (12)
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا (13)
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا﴾ “(The people of) Thamud denied (the truth) because of their transgression.
When the most wretched among them rose up, then the Messenger of Allah (Salih) said to them: ‘(Respect) the she-camel of Allah and her turn of drink.’
But they denied him and hamstrung her, so their Lord crushed them for their sin and leveled (their settlement).” (ash-Shams 11–13)

In narrations, his name is mentioned as Qidar ibn Salif, who was extremely wicked and physically strong.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) likened him in status and strength to Abu Zam‘ah, whose name was Aswad ibn Muttalib, who was a ringleader among his people and among those who mocked the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), regarding whom the statement of Allah, the Exalted, is:
﴿إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ﴾ “Indeed, We are sufficient for you against the mockers.” (al-Hijr: 95/15)

Jibril (alayhis salam) struck him with his wing and blinded him.
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 11/97, 98)

Hadith Commentary:
Because Abu Zam‘ah was the son of Mutlib bin Asad, and Zubair was the son of ‘Awwam bin Khuwaylid bin Asad, so Abu Zam‘ah was the paternal cousin of ‘Awwam, who was the uncle of Zubair.

This narration has been connected with its chain by Ishaq bin Rahwayh.

Surah ash-Shams was revealed in Makkah. In the hadith, it is mentioned that you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would recite this surah and another surah of similar length in the ‘Isha prayer.

(wa al-qamari idha talaha)
And by the moon when it follows it, meaning when the sun sets and the moon begins to shine, then by the day when it brightens.

Imam Jarir (rahimahullah) says that in all of these, the pronoun “ha” refers back to the sun (shams), because it is the subject under discussion.

In a narration of Ibn Abi Hatim, it is mentioned that when the night comes, Allah the Exalted says: “My servants have been concealed by one of My greatest creations.” Thus, the creation is in awe of the night, so it is even more necessary to be in awe of its Creator. Then, He swears by the sky.

Here, the word “ma” can be masdariyyah (i.e., by the sky and its construction), and it can also be in the meaning of “man” (who), so the meaning would be: by the sky and by the One who made it.

The late translator, Mawlana Waheed uz-Zaman (rahimahullah), has chosen this very translation.

(Wahidi)

Hadith Commentary:
In this hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade the unjust beating of women and also encouraged not paying attention to the sound of passing wind (flatulence).
In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), people used to laugh upon hearing the sound of passing wind.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade this, instructing that when such a thing occurs, one should not pay any attention to it.
Among the people of Prophet Lut (alayhis salam), this act was common: they would deliberately pass wind in their gatherings and then laugh about it. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has forbidden this.
And Allah knows best.

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
‘Aziz:
Powerful,
Dominant over all,
Honored.
(2)
‘Aarim:
Ill-tempered,
Wicked,
Mischief-maker.
(3)
Mani‘:
Strong,
Mighty, one whom no one can overpower;
this refers to the man named Qaddar ibn Salif.

Explanation:
1:
In this hadith, along with the mention of the wretched one who hamstrung the she-camel of Salih alayhis salam, two of the most important moral teachings of Islam are mentioned: 1. To treat one's spouse with good conduct, and 2. The advice not to laugh when someone passes wind loudly in a gathering. How wisely the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has instructed both matters! It is worthy of reflection—may my father and mother be sacrificed for him.