صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
کتاب الجزیہ والموادعہThe Book of Al-Jizya and The Stoppage of War
بَابُ إِذَا وَادَعَ الإِمَامُ مَلِكَ الْقَرْيَةِ هَلْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لِبَقِيَّتِهِمْ؟Chapter. If the Imam concludes a truce with the king of a country, will peace be observed in regard to all the people of that country?
Hadith 3161
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ ، قَالَ : " غَزَوْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَبُوكَ وَأَهْدَى مَلِكُ أَيْلَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَغْلَةً بَيْضَاءَ ، وَكَسَاهُ بُرْدًا ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ بِبَحْرِهِمْ " .
Narrated Abu Humaid As-Saidi: We accompanied the Prophet in the Ghazwa of Tabuk and the king of 'Aila presented a white mule and a cloak as a gift to the Prophet. And the Prophet wrote to him a peace treaty allowing him to keep authority over his country.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
This narration is found in Ibn Ishaq in the following manner: When the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was going to Tabuk, Yuhanna bin Rubah, the governor of Aylah, came to him. He agreed to pay the jizyah (tax on non-Muslim subjects), and the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made peace with him and gave him a written guarantee of safety. From this, the chapter heading is derived in such a way that when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made peace with Yuhanna, all the people of Aylah entered into peace and security.
This narration is found in Ibn Ishaq in the following manner: When the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was going to Tabuk, Yuhanna bin Rubah, the governor of Aylah, came to him. He agreed to pay the jizyah (tax on non-Muslim subjects), and the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made peace with him and gave him a written guarantee of safety. From this, the chapter heading is derived in such a way that when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made peace with Yuhanna, all the people of Aylah entered into peace and security.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 3161
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
"Elah" is an ancient city located on the border of Hijaz and Syria, which in the present era is called Madinat Aqabah.
➋
The acceptance of a gift by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) indicates that he made a treaty with them. Furthermore, his granting him authority over the coastal region signifies that both the king and his subjects are included in this treaty, because the reconciliation of the king is considered the reconciliation of the subjects.
The strength of the people lies with the king, and all the subjects are under the authority of the king; therefore, they cannot be separated from him, nor can the king be separated from them.
➌
The plural pronoun in the word "lahum" also indicates that all the subjects are included in this, even though in one narration a singular pronoun is used.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Hadith: 1481)
However, even from this the intended meaning is clear: the reconciliation of the king will be the reconciliation of all the remaining subjects.
➍
In fact, Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) by this heading has alluded to a hadith in which there is explicit mention of security for the king of Elah and his subjects.
Ibn Ishaq has transmitted it in his compilation "as-Sirah."
Its wording is:
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) reached Tabuk, the king of Elah came to him, presented him with jizyah, and made a treaty with him. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) wrote a document and handed it to him with these words:
In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate: "This is a document of security from Allah and His Messenger for the king of Elah and his subjects."
(Fath al-Bari: 6/321)
➊
"Elah" is an ancient city located on the border of Hijaz and Syria, which in the present era is called Madinat Aqabah.
➋
The acceptance of a gift by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) indicates that he made a treaty with them. Furthermore, his granting him authority over the coastal region signifies that both the king and his subjects are included in this treaty, because the reconciliation of the king is considered the reconciliation of the subjects.
The strength of the people lies with the king, and all the subjects are under the authority of the king; therefore, they cannot be separated from him, nor can the king be separated from them.
➌
The plural pronoun in the word "lahum" also indicates that all the subjects are included in this, even though in one narration a singular pronoun is used.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Zakat, Hadith: 1481)
However, even from this the intended meaning is clear: the reconciliation of the king will be the reconciliation of all the remaining subjects.
➍
In fact, Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) by this heading has alluded to a hadith in which there is explicit mention of security for the king of Elah and his subjects.
Ibn Ishaq has transmitted it in his compilation "as-Sirah."
Its wording is:
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) reached Tabuk, the king of Elah came to him, presented him with jizyah, and made a treaty with him. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) wrote a document and handed it to him with these words:
In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate: "This is a document of security from Allah and His Messenger for the king of Elah and his subjects."
(Fath al-Bari: 6/321)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 3161
