Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:

Based on the noble verse: "Indeed, the polytheists are impure" (: al-Tawbah: 28), they have been called impure; shirk (polytheism) is indeed such an impurity. But alas, how many so-called Muslims today are also becoming tainted with this impurity.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Mut‘im bin ‘Adi is the person who played a significant role in ending the pact of the Quraysh regarding the boycott of Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib. He also gave refuge to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) at his home when he returned from Ta’if. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) wished to repay him for this favor.

➋
From this hadith, it is understood that the Imam has complete authority regarding war booty (ghanimah) and the fifth (khums). He can release prisoners without any compensation. Showing such favor to them is at the discretion of the Imam.

➌
It is also understood from this that ownership by the warriors (mujahideen) is not established before the distribution of the booty (ghanimah). However, after its distribution, their ownership is considered valid. If the mujahideen were to become owners before distribution, then those among the prisoners who are the fathers or brothers of any of the mujahideen would necessarily be freed. However, this does not happen. It is thus clear that the mujahideen do not own the war booty before its distribution. In any case, the Imam has full authority over the war booty (ghanimah) and the fifth (khums); he can spend it at his discretion before distribution.

And Allah knows best.

11.

Benefit:

The time for «عَشِي» lasts from immediately after the sun passes its zenith (zawal) until sunset (maghrib). Qasim bin Muhammad rahimahullah, the grandson of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu and the jurist of Madinah, by this statement intends to refute those who habitually perform the Zuhr prayer immediately after zawal. Even the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would perform Zuhr only after spending some time following the sun’s decline. Ibn Mas’ud radi Allahu anhu states:

«كَانَتْ قَدْرُ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الصَّيْفِ ثَلاثَةَ أَقْدَامِ إِلى خَمْسَةِ أَقْدَامٍ وَفِي الشَّتَاءِ خَمْسَةَ أَقْدَامٍ إِلى سَبْعَةِ أَقْدَامٍ»

“The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would perform the Zuhr prayer in summer when the shadow (after the sun’s decline) would reach three to five steps, and in winter when it would reach five to seven steps.”

[ابوداود: 400، نسائي: 504، اس كي سند صحيح هے]

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Statement regarding the time of Jumu‘ah

Benefit:

Since Jumu‘ah is a substitute for the Zuhr prayer, its time is exactly the same as Zuhr, that is, from the sun’s decline (zawal) until the shadow becomes equal to the object’s length. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and the Rightly Guided Caliphs radi Allahu anhum would perform Jumu‘ah at the earliest time. The noble Companions radi Allahu anhum were so eager and diligent in preparing for and hastening to attend Jumu‘ah that they would even delay their midday meal and siesta (qaylulah) until after Jumu‘ah.

[صحيح بخاري: 939، صحيح مسلم: 859]

Anas radi Allahu anhu says that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would perform Jumu‘ah when the sun had declined. [صحيح بخاري: 904] Salamah bin Akwa‘ radi Allahu anhu says that we would perform Jumu‘ah with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam when the sun had declined. [صحيح مسلم: 860]

Benefits and Issues:
➊
It is established from the mentioned Qur’anic verse and hadiths that, according to what is beneficial, it is permissible to release a prisoner as an act of kindness without taking ransom.

➋
The favor of Mut’im bin ‘Adi to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was that, upon returning from Ta’if, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) entered Makkah under his protection and support.
And he also defended the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

Takhrij:
«أخرجه البخاري، فرض الخمس، باب ما منّ النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم علي الأساري من غير أن يخمس، حديث:3139.»©Explanation:
➊ It is established from the action of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) that it is Sunnah to return a favor, even if the favor is from a disbeliever.
➋ It is even more appropriate to return the favor of a Muslim.
➌ It is also permissible to intercede for someone in a good deed.
And it is Sunnah to accept intercession for a permissible matter.

Benefit:
From this hadith, it is established that disbelievers (kuffar) are impure and foul-smelling people. It is also established that it is correct to refer to disbelievers as foul-smelling. Furthermore, this hadith demonstrates that Mut'im ibn 'Adi had a position of respect with the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); even though he died in a state of disbelief, the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) mentioned him with goodness due to his favor.