صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب فرض الخمسThe Book of The Obligations of Khumus
بَابُ فَرْضِ الْخُمُسِ:Chapter. The obligations of Khumus.
Hadith 3093
اُردوEn
فَقَالَ : لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَتَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ ، قَالَتْ : وَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ وَصَدَقَتَهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ، فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ ، وَقَالَ : لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ ، فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عُمَرُ ، وَقَالَ : هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتَا لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى مَنْ وَلِيَ الْأَمْرَ ، قَالَ : فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ ، قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ : اعْتَرَاكَ افْتَعَلْتَ مِنْ عَرَوْتُهُ فَأَصَبْتُهُ وَمِنْهُ يَعْرُوهُ وَاعْتَرَانِي .
Abu Bakr said to her, "Allah's Apostle said, 'Our property will not be inherited, whatever we (i.e. prophets) leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity)." Fatima, the daughter of Allah's Apostle got angry and stopped speaking to Abu Bakr, and continued assuming that attitude till she died. Fatima remained alive for six months after the death of Allah's Apostle. She used to ask Abu Bakr for her share from the property of Allah's Apostle which he left at Khaibar, and Fadak, and his property at Medina (devoted for charity). Abu Bakr refused to give her that property and said, "I will not leave anything Allah's Apostle used to do, because I am afraid that if I left something from the Prophet's tradition, then I would go astray." (Later on) `Umar gave the Prophet's property (of Sadaqa) at Medina to `Ali and `Abbas, but he withheld the properties of Khaibar and Fadak in his custody and said, "These two properties are the Sadaqa which Allah's Apostle used to use for his expenditures and urgent needs. Now their management is to be entrusted to the ruler." (Az-Zuhrl said, "They have been managed in this way till today.")
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
In this lengthy hadith, among many matters, the mention of khums (one-fifth share) is also included.
That is why the Imam has brought it here.
The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) clearly stated regarding his inheritance that our inheritance is not to be distributed.
Whatever it may be, all of it is charity (sadaqah).
However, Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) demanded her inheritance from Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu).
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) had himself heard the Prophetic hadith: "We do not leave inheritance; what we leave behind is charity" from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Therefore, how could he act contrary to it?
And the displeasure of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) was based on the fact that she was not aware of this hadith, which is why she sought her share in the property left by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
The details of the property are as follows: Fadak is a place three stages from Madinah; the land there was kept specifically for himself by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and specifically in Madinah, the date orchards of Banu Nadir, the seven orchards of Mukhayriq, the land given by the Ansar, one-third of the land of Wadi al-Qura, etc. Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) refused to distribute these properties.
If he had separated the share of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), then he would also have had to separate the shares of the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu), and it would not have been possible to maintain the manner in which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) managed these properties.
Therefore, he refused to distribute them.
The meaning of this was that all affairs and all expenditures should continue in the same way as they were during the worldly life of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and this was his utmost caution and piety.
In the narration of Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that during the illness of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) went to visit her and reconciled with her, and she was pleased.
Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) and Umar (radi Allahu anhu), during their caliphates, continued to spend from these properties for the expenses of the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and other necessary expenditures, but Uthman (radi Allahu anhu), during his caliphate, gave Fadak to Marwan as a grant (muqta‘a).
He himself was wealthy and had no need to cover his expenses from Fadak (Summary of Wahidi).
And it is mentioned in the book al-Maghazi that Fatimah came to ask for her share from what the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) left behind from what Allah had bestowed upon him—Fadak and what remained from the khums (one-fifth) of Khaybar—and to this al-Bukhari has alluded.
In this lengthy hadith, among many matters, the mention of khums (one-fifth share) is also included.
That is why the Imam has brought it here.
The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) clearly stated regarding his inheritance that our inheritance is not to be distributed.
Whatever it may be, all of it is charity (sadaqah).
However, Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) demanded her inheritance from Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu).
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) had himself heard the Prophetic hadith: "We do not leave inheritance; what we leave behind is charity" from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Therefore, how could he act contrary to it?
And the displeasure of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) was based on the fact that she was not aware of this hadith, which is why she sought her share in the property left by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
The details of the property are as follows: Fadak is a place three stages from Madinah; the land there was kept specifically for himself by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and specifically in Madinah, the date orchards of Banu Nadir, the seven orchards of Mukhayriq, the land given by the Ansar, one-third of the land of Wadi al-Qura, etc. Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) refused to distribute these properties.
If he had separated the share of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), then he would also have had to separate the shares of the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and of Abbas (radi Allahu anhu), and it would not have been possible to maintain the manner in which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) managed these properties.
Therefore, he refused to distribute them.
The meaning of this was that all affairs and all expenditures should continue in the same way as they were during the worldly life of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and this was his utmost caution and piety.
In the narration of Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that during the illness of Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu) went to visit her and reconciled with her, and she was pleased.
Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) and Umar (radi Allahu anhu), during their caliphates, continued to spend from these properties for the expenses of the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and other necessary expenditures, but Uthman (radi Allahu anhu), during his caliphate, gave Fadak to Marwan as a grant (muqta‘a).
He himself was wealthy and had no need to cover his expenses from Fadak (Summary of Wahidi).
And it is mentioned in the book al-Maghazi that Fatimah came to ask for her share from what the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) left behind from what Allah had bestowed upon him—Fadak and what remained from the khums (one-fifth) of Khaybar—and to this al-Bukhari has alluded.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 3093
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
➊
Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) was not aware of the hadith that Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) presented, which stated that inheritance does not apply to our property; rather, it becomes charity (sadaqah). On this basis, she requested her share of inheritance from the property left by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The details of the property owned by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) are as follows:
© In the tribe of Banu Nadir, there were seven orchards belonging to a Jew named Muhayriq. During the Battle of Uhud, he had made a bequest that if he were killed in the battle, all his wealth would belong to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Accordingly, he was killed in that battle, and thus all his orchards came under the possession of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
© The Ansar had gifted some of their lands to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Water did not reach those lands; they were also his property.
© When the Banu Nadir were exiled, their owned lands also came into the possession of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) as fay’ property.
© After the conquest of Khaybar, the people of Fadak made peace with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) on the condition of giving half of their lands. © Two fortresses of Khaybar, Watih and Salalim, also came to him as a result of peace with the Jews.
© From the spoils of Khaybar, which was conquered by the sword, one-fifth (khums) came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); that too was his property.
All this property belonged to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); no one else had any share in it. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would spend from its produce for himself and his family, and the remainder would be spent on the needs of the Muslims.
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 10/424)
➋
Although khums is not mentioned in this hadith, in a narration of Sahih al-Bukhari it is stated that Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) demanded from Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) a share from the fay’ properties of Madinah Tayyibah, Fadak, and whatever remained from the khums of Khaybar.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4240, 4241)
➌
From this explanation, it is understood that this hadith is in accordance with the title. In a narration of al-Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that when Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) fell ill, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) went to visit her for her care, and there he reassured Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), and she became satisfied.
(al-Sunan al-Kubra: 6/301)
➍
At the end of the hadith, the word (ta‘ruhu) appears. In this context, Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) has explained the lexical meaning of a Qur’anic word (i‘taraka) (Hud 11:54).
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 10/424)
➊
Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) was not aware of the hadith that Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) presented, which stated that inheritance does not apply to our property; rather, it becomes charity (sadaqah). On this basis, she requested her share of inheritance from the property left by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The details of the property owned by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) are as follows:
© In the tribe of Banu Nadir, there were seven orchards belonging to a Jew named Muhayriq. During the Battle of Uhud, he had made a bequest that if he were killed in the battle, all his wealth would belong to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Accordingly, he was killed in that battle, and thus all his orchards came under the possession of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
© The Ansar had gifted some of their lands to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Water did not reach those lands; they were also his property.
© When the Banu Nadir were exiled, their owned lands also came into the possession of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) as fay’ property.
© After the conquest of Khaybar, the people of Fadak made peace with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) on the condition of giving half of their lands. © Two fortresses of Khaybar, Watih and Salalim, also came to him as a result of peace with the Jews.
© From the spoils of Khaybar, which was conquered by the sword, one-fifth (khums) came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); that too was his property.
All this property belonged to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); no one else had any share in it. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would spend from its produce for himself and his family, and the remainder would be spent on the needs of the Muslims.
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 10/424)
➋
Although khums is not mentioned in this hadith, in a narration of Sahih al-Bukhari it is stated that Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) demanded from Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) a share from the fay’ properties of Madinah Tayyibah, Fadak, and whatever remained from the khums of Khaybar.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4240, 4241)
➌
From this explanation, it is understood that this hadith is in accordance with the title. In a narration of al-Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that when Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha) fell ill, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) went to visit her for her care, and there he reassured Lady Fatimah (radi Allahu anha), and she became satisfied.
(al-Sunan al-Kubra: 6/301)
➍
At the end of the hadith, the word (ta‘ruhu) appears. In this context, Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) has explained the lexical meaning of a Qur’anic word (i‘taraka) (Hud 11:54).
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 10/424)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 3093
