Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
After the victory of Islam, whatever wealth is found on the battlefield is all called war booty (mal-e-ghanīmah).
It must be formally collected with the leader (amir) of the Muslims.
Later, that wealth will be distributed according to the prescribed Islamic division.
Whoever commits treachery in this matter is a great criminal in the sight of Allah, as has been stated in this hadith.
A goat, a horse, a camel—all these things are mentioned as examples.
In another narration, even one who steals a cloak from the war booty is declared to be among the people of Hell.
Accordingly, that hadith is mentioned further ahead.
Al-Muhallab said: This hadith is a warning (wa‘īd) for those upon whom Allah will carry out His threat among the people of disobedience, and it is possible that the carrying (of the stolen item) mentioned is necessary as a punishment for him, so that he is disgraced before all witnesses. As for after that, the matter is with Allah—He may punish him or forgive him. Others have said: This hadith explains His, the Exalted’s, statement:
“He will bring forth what he has stolen on the Day of Resurrection,” meaning he will come carrying it on his neck (Fath).
That is, in this hadith there is a warning for the people of disobedience.
It is possible that this carrying is necessary as a punishment for him, so that he is humiliated before everyone; after that, Allah has the choice—He may punish him or forgive him.
This hadith is also an explanation of the noble verse:
(Aal Imran: 161)
—that the sinner will bring that treachery on the Day of Resurrection, carrying it on his neck.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Whatever wealth or items are found on the battlefield after victory are called war booty (mal-e-ghanīmah). These should be formally submitted to the commander of the army. After that, according to the prescribed Islamic distribution, they will be given to the warriors. Whoever commits treachery regarding this war booty is considered a great criminal in the sight of Allah. The items mentioned in the hadith are stated as examples. Even someone who steals just a sheet from the war booty is declared to be destined for Hell.

➋
This hadith also serves as an explanation of the noble verse (). That is, whatever treachery is committed in this world, on the Day of Resurrection, the person will bring it upon his shoulders before all of creation, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) will rebuke him, saying: “I have no authority concerning you. I conveyed Allah’s message to you. Now, no excuse will be acceptable for you.”

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Lā ulfiyanna:
I should never find anyone.
Or, lā ulqiyanna: I should never meet anyone.

(2)
Rughāʼ:
The sound of a camel,
which is called "balbulāna" (bellowing).

(3)
Hamhamah:
The sound a horse makes upon seeing fodder,
which is referred to as "hinhināna" (neighing).

(4)
Thughāʼ:
The sound of a goat,
which is called "manmanāna" or "mimiyāna" (bleating).

(5)
Riqāʿ:
Plural of "riqʿah",
pieces of cloth,
here it refers to garments,
which will be fluttering.

(6)
Ṣāmit:
Gold and silver,
used in contrast to "nāṭiq" (living beings).

(7)
Ṣiyāḥ:
Shouting,
crying out.

Benefits and Issues:
This hadith establishes
that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has pointed out all those matters
which a person must adhere to.
Therefore, if he opposes any legal (shar‘i) ruling,
he will receive its punishment.
The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) will not intercede at the outset for any person
who has committed financial betrayal or has unlawfully shed someone’s blood, and betrayal in war booty (māl al-ghanīmah) of any kind is extremely grave, and the imams are unanimous regarding it being a major sin (kabīrah).
To the extent that, according to some imams, all his wealth should be burned,
but according to the majority of the imams,
Imam Mālik,
Imam Shāfiʿī, and Imam Abū Ḥanīfah, his wealth will not be burned.
The imam (ruler) will punish him at his own discretion.
Therefore, if someone has taken another’s wealth by any unlawful means,
he should repent and express remorse and regret,
and return it to its owner or his heirs.
If this is not possible,
then he should give it in charity on his behalf.
If he has consumed government property,
then he should deposit it in some public fund.