صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الجهاد والسيرThe Book of Jihad (Fighting For Allah’S Cause)
بَابُ الْبَيْعَةِ فِي الْحَرْبِ أَنْ لاَ يَفِرُّوا:Chapter. To give a Bai’a for not to flee during a battle.
Hadith 2958
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ}.
And some have said that (the pledge was) upon death, because Allah the Exalted has said in Surah Al-Fath «لقد رضي الله عن المؤمنين إذ يبايعونك تحت الشجرة» "Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave you the pledge under the tree (the Pledge of Ridwan)."
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، رَجَعْنَا مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ فَمَا اجْتَمَعَ مِنَّا اثْنَانِ عَلَى الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي بَايَعْنَا تَحْتَهَا كَانَتْ رَحْمَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ، فَسَأَلْتُ نَافِعًا عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ بَايَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ ، قَالَ : لَا بَلْ بَايَعَهُمْ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ .
Narrated Ibn `Umar: When we reached (Hudaibiya) in the next year (of the treaty of Hudaibiya), not even two men amongst us agreed unanimously as to which was the tree under which we had given the pledge of allegiance, and that was out of Allah's Mercy. (The sub narrator asked Naf'i, "For what did the Prophet take their pledge of allegiance, was it for death?" Naf'i replied "No, but he took their pledge of allegiance for patience.")
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Before the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, when the rumor of the killing of Hazrat Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) came from Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took an oath of allegiance (bay‘ah) from all the Companions under a tree, that they would fight the disbelievers to the last breath in retaliation for this wrongful bloodshed.
Regarding this pledge, Allah Almighty expressed His pleasure in the Qur’an ().
And this could be a source of pride and the greatest honor in both religion and worldly life for all the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) who participated in this pledge.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu anhu) says that later, when we went with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) to perform the compensatory ‘umrah in the year of the treaty, we could not identify the place where the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had taken the pledge from us.
Then Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu anhu) says that this was a magnificent event in the history of Islam, and it is also evident that Allah’s mercies descended upon the place where the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took such an important pledge from all his Companions for the sake of Allah’s religion.
Therefore, it was possible that if we had known that place, some people of the ummah might have fallen into tribulation because of it, and it was possible that ignorant and well-intentioned Muslims might have started acts of worship and veneration there.
Thus, it was also a great mercy of Allah that the traces and signs of that place were erased from our minds.
And Allah saved a group of the ummah from falling into shirk (associating partners with Allah).
Most centers of shirk have originated from such superstitions.
In the beginning, people make some memorials.
Later, acts of worship and veneration begin to take place there.
Before the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, when the rumor of the killing of Hazrat Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) came from Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took an oath of allegiance (bay‘ah) from all the Companions under a tree, that they would fight the disbelievers to the last breath in retaliation for this wrongful bloodshed.
Regarding this pledge, Allah Almighty expressed His pleasure in the Qur’an ().
And this could be a source of pride and the greatest honor in both religion and worldly life for all the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) who participated in this pledge.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu anhu) says that later, when we went with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) to perform the compensatory ‘umrah in the year of the treaty, we could not identify the place where the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had taken the pledge from us.
Then Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu anhu) says that this was a magnificent event in the history of Islam, and it is also evident that Allah’s mercies descended upon the place where the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took such an important pledge from all his Companions for the sake of Allah’s religion.
Therefore, it was possible that if we had known that place, some people of the ummah might have fallen into tribulation because of it, and it was possible that ignorant and well-intentioned Muslims might have started acts of worship and veneration there.
Thus, it was also a great mercy of Allah that the traces and signs of that place were erased from our minds.
And Allah saved a group of the ummah from falling into shirk (associating partners with Allah).
Most centers of shirk have originated from such superstitions.
In the beginning, people make some memorials.
Later, acts of worship and veneration begin to take place there.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2958
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
1.
At the time of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, a rumor spread regarding Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) that the disbelievers of Makkah had killed him. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took an oath of allegiance (bay‘ah) from all the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) under a tree, that without avenging this wrongful bloodshed, they would not return, but would continue to fight against the disbelievers of Makkah. This is called the Bay‘at al-Ridwan, which is also mentioned in the Qur’an ().
2.
Regarding the tree under which the oath of allegiance was taken, Abdullah ibn Umar (radi Allahu anhu) said: The fact that the location of this tree was hidden from us the following year was also a mercy from Allah, because if it had been identified, it was possible that some people would have fallen into tribulation because of it, and ignorant people might have started worshipping it. Most of the centers of shirk (polytheism) among us are the result of such superstitions.
3.
It should be clear that there are several types of bay‘ah (oath of allegiance), for example: the bay‘ah of Islam, the bay‘ah of migration (hijrah), and the bay‘ah of jihad, etc. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) also took an oath of allegiance from women in Madinah Munawwarah for steadfastness in religion. However, the currently prevalent Sufi bay‘ah has no existence in the religion of Islam.
1.
At the time of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, a rumor spread regarding Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) that the disbelievers of Makkah had killed him. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took an oath of allegiance (bay‘ah) from all the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) under a tree, that without avenging this wrongful bloodshed, they would not return, but would continue to fight against the disbelievers of Makkah. This is called the Bay‘at al-Ridwan, which is also mentioned in the Qur’an ().
2.
Regarding the tree under which the oath of allegiance was taken, Abdullah ibn Umar (radi Allahu anhu) said: The fact that the location of this tree was hidden from us the following year was also a mercy from Allah, because if it had been identified, it was possible that some people would have fallen into tribulation because of it, and ignorant people might have started worshipping it. Most of the centers of shirk (polytheism) among us are the result of such superstitions.
3.
It should be clear that there are several types of bay‘ah (oath of allegiance), for example: the bay‘ah of Islam, the bay‘ah of migration (hijrah), and the bay‘ah of jihad, etc. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) also took an oath of allegiance from women in Madinah Munawwarah for steadfastness in religion. However, the currently prevalent Sufi bay‘ah has no existence in the religion of Islam.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 2958
