Bukhari

Hadith Commentary: This was stated because among the consequences of miserliness are lying and cowardice, and among the consequences of generosity are truthfulness and bravery. This incident took place on the return from the Battle of Hunayn. Further details will come in the Book of Maghazi.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
"Bakhil" (miser), "kadhdhab" (liar), and "jubban" (coward) are in the intensive forms.
By these, the negation of the entire category is intended.
➋
In this hadith, the noble character of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is described.
The foundations of character are three: forbearance (hilm), generosity (karam), and courage (shaja‘ah).
These three have been mentioned here in a most excellent manner: the absence of lying indicates the perfection of the rational faculty, which is wisdom and sagacity; the absence of miserliness points to the perfection of the appetitive faculty, which is generosity (sakha); and the absence of cowardice points to the perfection of the faculty of anger, which is courage (shaja‘ah).
These three qualities are the foundation of noble character. In any case, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was extremely brave, supremely generous, and very wise and forbearing. It should be noted that the incident mentioned pertains to the Battle of Hunayn, and Hunayn is the name of a valley between Makkah and Ta’if.
➌
Those who asked for wealth were the new Muslims who had not yet benefited from the company of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); otherwise, those who had the opportunity to spend even a few days under his training became embodiments of etiquette and respect.

Hadith Commentary:
The translation of the chapter is derived from here: that the Imam has the authority to distribute the spoils of war (mal-e-ghanimat) among whomever he wishes, according to what is in the best interest (maslahah).

‘Ayni said:
And the correspondence with the chapter heading is inferred from his statement: “to distribute it among you.”

Hadith Commentary:
➊
At that time, the circumstances required that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) negate miserliness from his noble self. Then he said:
I am not lying in negating miserliness.
Nor am I negating it out of fear of you.
By negating these blameworthy traits, the intention is to establish generosity and courage, which are among the fundamental principles of ethics.

➋
Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) has established from this hadith that the Imam of the time has the authority to distribute the spoils of war (mal al-ghanima) among whomever he wishes for the sake of public interest.